利用迷向散发器和释放松毛虫赤眼蜂对梨树蛀果害虫的防控效果

本试验旨在探究两种生物防治方法对黑龙江哈尔滨地区梨树蛀果害虫的防控效果及监测梨树蛀果害虫的发生动态.针对不同的蛀果害虫采用相应的防控方法,并监测不同处理下害虫发生动态与数量.结果表明,调查期间梨小食心虫、苹果蠹蛾在黑龙江哈尔滨地区梨园内一年有3次发生高峰,桃小食心虫有2次发生高峰.梨小食心虫发生高峰分别在5月下旬、7月...     

桐花树毛颚小卷蛾触角的扫描电镜观察

为了解红树林主要害虫桐花树毛颚小卷蛾成虫触角感受器种类、形态和分布,应用扫描电镜(SEM)对桐花树毛颚小卷蛾雌、雄成虫触角进行观察.结果表明,桐花树毛颚小卷蛾触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,其中鞭节由61～68个亚节组成,鞭节长3 500～4 200 μm,是表面感器类型最多的节.触角主要分布的感受器有毛形感器、鳞形感器、腔形感器、腔锥感器、耳形感器和锥形感器6种,其中毛形感器分布最广、数量最多.     

广西北部湾桐花树毛颚小卷蛾生物学特性及防治

桐花树毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha cellifera Meyrick是广西北部湾桐花树的主要害虫,通过室内饲养和林间观察研究,对桐花树毛颚小卷蛾各虫态的形态特征进行了描述,基本了解其生活习性及生活史。该虫在广西北部湾地区1a发生12代,世代重叠。以2~3龄幼虫在桐花树叶片上卷叶越冬,3月上旬开始羽化为成虫,1~2d后即交配产卵,平均每雌产卵量76粒。卵历期2~4d,幼虫历期11~15d,蛹历期7~8d,成虫寿命约6d;该虫有2个明显的危害高峰期,分别出现在春季和秋季。提出桐花树毛颚小卷蛾的初步防治建议。     

黄斑卷蛾性诱剂的合成与田间诱蛾活性试验

黄斑卷蛾（Acleris fimbriana Meyrick)性诱剂的主要成分为（反）－11，13－十四碳双烯醛（简式E11，13－14：Ald)。从易得的原料出发，通过Wittig反应合成了这种性诱剂及其类似物。田间诱蛾试验结果表明，E11，13－14：Ald对黄斑卷蛾具有强烈的引诱作用，最佳剂量为1．0mg。单一的（反）－11，13－十四碳双烯－1－基醋酸酯对黄斑卷蛾没有引诱作用，但对E11，13－14：Ald的诱蛾活性有明显的增效作用。而（反）－11，13－十四碳双烯－1－醇和（反）－11－十四碳烯－1－醇，（反）－11－十四碳烯醛对E11，13－14：Ald的诱蛾活性有抑制作用。     

桐花树毛颚小卷蛾抗逆性的研究

对桐花树毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha cellifera Meyrick进行室内海水浸泡试验,结果表明桐花树毛颚小卷蛾幼虫和蛹在海水中浸泡对其存活率具有一定的影响,浸泡9 h以上对其存活率的影响极显著,死亡率随着浸泡时间的延长而提高;而桐花树毛颚小卷蛾的卵浸泡在海水中15 h内对其存活率的影响不显著。     

Molecular and biological characterization of new isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cydia pomonella</Emphasis> granulovirus from Iran

The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is a very effective biological control agent of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lep.: Tortricidae). Only a few CpGV isolates originating from Mexico (M), England (E), and Russia (R) have been described so far. In a field survey at different locations in Iran, CpGV isolates were collected from single or pooled codling moth larvae. The isolates, designated I1, I7, I8, I15, I22, I28, I30, I66, I67, I68, and I70 showed genetic (DNA restriction endonuclease profiles) and biological (bioassays) differences. Most isolates could be attributed to genome types similar to those found in CpGV-M, -E, and -R. Some of them were clear mixtures of different genotypes. Thus, the CpGV isolates found in the North–West of Iran make an important contribution to the known diversity of CpGV. The occurrence of novel, naturally occurring CpGV isolates emphasize the necessity of further studies towards the diversity and evolution of CpGV.     

柿蒂虫的危害与防治

柿蒂虫是柿树的主要害虫之一,在陕西合阳县平均蛀果率为11.6%,采取人工防治、化学防治等综合防治技术,防治效果可达87%以上。     

Disruption of mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by chlorantranilipole, an anthranilic diamide insecticide

The influence of the anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantranilipole (DPX-E2Y45; Rynaxypyr against the adult stage of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., was examined. Insecticide residues in plastic cups sprayed with 56 mg AI L(-1) (equivalent to the recommended field rate) had a minimal effect on adult survival or fecundity, but significantly fewer female moths were mated in treated than in untreated cups. Similar results were found in field studies with adults placed in screened cages on treated apple foliage for up to 3 weeks. Mating was disrupted when either sex was topically dosed with technical material (0.01-0.1 microg). Males were more sensitive to the disruptive effects of chlorantranilipole than females. A 2 h exposure significantly reduced male activity (walking and wing fanning), but not female calling. A 25 h exposure significantly reduced the activity of both sexes. The proportion of males landing near a sex pheromone source in a flight tunnel was significantly reduced following exposures of 2-4 h and completely eliminated following a 17 h exposure. Male moths partially recovered from either topical or residual exposure to chlorantranilipole, but the extent of their recovery was dose and time dependent. Male response to sex pheromone recovered within 2 h following a 4 h exposure, but following a 17 h exposure only a partial recovery occurred after 48 h. Mating by moth pairs exposed to chlorantranilipole residues for 24 h did not significantly increase during recovery periods of 24-96 h, except in cups treated with 10% of the standard concentration. The proportion of field-collected female codling moths caught in pear ester-baited traps that were mated was significantly lower in apple orchards treated season-long with chlorantranilipole compared with females caught in either untreated orchards or those treated with sex pheromones to cause mating disruption.     

东北小卷蛾生物学的初步研究：（鳞翅目：卷蛾科）

1988—1989年,在内蒙古东部乌尔旗汗地区兴安落叶松(Larix gmelini Rupr.)天然林内,对危害落叶松球果的卷蛾进行了定点观察,并在库都尔、吉文、阿里河等邻近地区进行了该卷蛾种群数量调查。经鉴定该卷蛾为东北小卷蛾Cydia illutana dahuricolana(V.I.Kuznetzov),是我国新记录。在内蒙古东部地区,东北小卷蛾一年发生一代,以蛹越冬。对幼虫及蛹的形态特征作了详细描述,对生活习性、危害、不同地区种群数量的差异也进行了初步研究。     

Plant volatile compounds shorten reaction time and enhance attraction of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) to codlemone

BACKGROUND: The codling moth is the most serious pest of deciduous tree fruit (apples, pears, crabapples, walnuts, quince) worldwide. The high frequency of insecticide treatments per season has resulted in breakdown of codling moth control owing to insecticide resistance. As an alternative, integrated pest management includes mating disruption to achieve population suppression in orchards. Under this scheme, the sex pheromone of the codling moth, (E, E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (codlemone), is released from dispensers in crops to hinder mating by luring males. Increasing the attractiveness of codlemone formulations to codling moth males can be regarded as a key to increasing the efficacy of mating disruption. With this aim, the effects of adding plant volatiles on the behavioural responses of codling moth males to codlemone were tested. RESULTS: Adding R(+)‐limonene, linalool, (E)‐β‐farnesene or ethyl (E, Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate to codlemone significantly increases the proportion of males flying to the pheromone source in a wind tunnel. The response level is equivalent to that of males responding to females releasing codlemone. Using real‐time recordings, it is shown how these four plant products also shorten the response time of males to codlemone under the behavioural criteria time to activation, time till upwind flight is induced and time to pheromone source contact. CONCLUSION: Shortening the response time and increasing source location by males of dispensers releasing codlemone with R(+)‐limonene, linalool, (E)‐β‐farnesene or ethyl (E, Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate added would enhance mating disruption through better engagement of males with dispensers, to the detriment of females. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry