Schima superba as a fuelbreak: Litter combustibility of three tree species with five water content levels using a cone calorimeter

To determine the suitability of Schima superba Gardn. et Champ as a fuelbreak, we compared and analyzed the flammability characteristics of tree litter from three trees commonly grown in south China, i.e., Pinus massoniana Lamb., Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., and S. superba, using a cone calorimeter at five different water content levels. Water content levels of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% for the litter were manually produced with a new technique of adding water to dry litter. The cone calorimeter utilized a radiant heat intensity for leaf litter of 20 kW/m² (510°C) and for twig litter of 30 kW/m² (608°C). Results show that fixing the water content level by adding water with a pipette was an acceptable technique. For S. superba, compared to P. massoniana and C. lanceolata, 1) the heat release rate (HRR) was slower and lower; 2) the total heat released (THR) from the material was lower and started later in the burning process; and 3) except for the 10% water content, pkHRR/TTI was less. These results show that overall, S. superba was the best of the three species to be used as a fuelbreak in south China. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008, 44(5): 96–101 [译自: 林 业科学]     

不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分差异比较分析

以杉木3代种子园为研究对象,分析不同坡向杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量差异,从而为实现杉木种子园的合理施肥奠定理论基础。研究结果表明,同一坡向随着坡位上升以及同一坡位随着土层深度的增加,杉木3代种子园土壤有效养分含量呈逐渐下降趋势;同一坡位同一土层深度不同坡向对土壤有效养分含量的影响体现出较为复杂的规律。     

陈山红心杉速生丰产培育试验

陈山红心杉(Cunninghamia lanceolata)因其近髓心木质部相当大的比例成油亮的栗褐色而得名。主产江西省安福林区,是江西特产的优良杉木种源,被誉为"皇上木"。通过对陈山红心杉幼林进行施肥对比试验并进行总结,为其速生丰产提供参考和依据。     

不同因素对农杆菌介导的杉木转化效率的影响

以杉木试管苗靠近茎尖的茎段为受体材料,研究6个影响杉木遗传转化效果的因素,初步确定杉木茎段较为合适的转化体系为:预培养1～3 d,OD600 nm为0.1～0.4的菌液浸染10～15 min,共培养3～5 d,共培养基附加乙酰丁香酮(AS)80 μmol·L-1,共培养后延迟3 d筛选.在初次筛选培养基上共得到186个卡那霉素(Km)抗性芽,在二次筛选培养基上获得39个Km抗性芽.PCR检测有2个Km抗性芽呈稳定阳性,初步证明外源天麻抗真菌蛋白(GAFP)基因已整合到这2个Km抗性芽的基因组DNA中.     

杉木耐瘠薄速生优树子代测定及早期选择

在福建省洋口国有林场,对7年生的杉木耐瘠薄速生优树半同胞子代测定林进行调查和分析测定。参试的各家系间树高、胸径和材积生长量均差异极显著,说明在家系水平上存在明显的分化;从参试的18个家系中选择出23号等5个在瘠薄立地条件下生长表现优良的家系,树高、胸径和材积平均值分别达7.67 m、10.88 cm和0.043 6 m3,与第2代种子园子代相比,其材积现实增益达21.11%,通过这种后向选择所选出的耐瘠薄速生优良家系具有明显的生长优势和耐瘠薄性,可以作为杉木第3代建园材料的补充。     

Spatio-temporal Variation of Distribution Patterns in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations

To aid in management of Cunninghamia lanceolata,the main timber species in Southern China,its variation of spatial distribution pattern was analyzed.Three permanent plots of C.lanceolata plantations with approximately the same site conditions,set by China continuous forest inventory in Shunchang,Fujian,were selected. C.lanceolata growth was divided into two stages: young trees(5 cm≤diameter at breast height (DBH)<10 cm) and mature trees(DBH≥10 cm). The DBH and coordinates of every tree(DBH≥5 cm) in the permanent plots were recorded in 2003 and 2008.The function L(r),improvement of Ripley’s K(r),the paircorrelation function g(r),and the uniform angle index(W_i) were used to analyze the spatio-temporal variation of spatial distribution patterns.The three permanent plots had mean uniform angle index(W) between 0.494-0.578 at low altitudes,0.465-0.477 at medium altitudes,and 0.426-0.601 at high altitudes.Results showed that altitude did not affect the spatial distribution pattern. The L(r ) and g(r) function curves of mature trees were generally lower than young trees’,i.e.tend to be more random or uniform distribution.So regardless of the initial distribution of young or mature trees,with the passage of time,there was a tendency for the aggregated distribution to change to a random distribution,and a random distribution to change to a uniform distribution.     

Intratree Variability of Tensile Strength Parallel to Grain in Chinese Fir and 1-214 Poplar from Plantation

The variation of tensile strength parallel to grain in Chinese fir and 1-214 poplar wood from plantations was studied in this paper. Aaccording to the national standards The Testing Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood （GB 1927 to 1943 -- 1991）, the small clear wood samples were cut and tested, which represent the south and north of trees with heights of 1.3, 3.3, 5.3 and 7.3 m. The results showed： the tensile strength parallel to grain of the north wood was higher than that of south wood. ANOVA shows that the tensile strength parallel to the grain with height is of significant difference （at 0.05 level）.     

香叶树和杉木人工林生产力的比较研究

通过对28年生香叶树与杉木人工林生长和生物量测定,进行香叶树和杉木人工林生产力的比较研究,结果表明：香叶树是一种生长迅速的阔叶树种,其人工林蓄积量为421.88m^3/hm^2,比杉木人工林高7.09%;香叶树人工林分生物量为305.43t/hm^2,是杉木人工林的1.59倍,其生物量乔木层是杉木林的1.68倍.     

杉木苗根系打浆造林效果试验

杉木苗根系打泥浆后造林不仅能提高造林成活率,而且与当年生幼树的根系地径和树高的生长关系密切,在不同的造林时间或造林后的不同时间,其影响程度是不同的。     

杉木组培无根苗瓶外生根试验

运用正交试验设计探讨了基质、愈伤组织和ABT对杉木组培苗生根的影响。结果表明:基质、愈伤组织和ABT对杉木组培苗的生根率产生显著影响,最佳组合为:基质用红心土∶河砂(3∶1)+愈伤组织部分切除+ABT1#300 mg.L-1。