中国历史时期的森林文化及其发展

详述了森林文化的概念及内涵，系统总结了森林文化在不同历史时期的特征及相应历史背景。     

激素对白榆愈伤组织发生和生长的影响

本试验研究了KT、KT—NAA对白榆74009愈伤组织发生和生长的影响。结果表明,0.1～2.0mg/LKT均能促进白榆74009愈伤组织生长,愈伤组织发生时间、颜色、质地、生长速率、生长状况以及外植体的生长状况均随KT浓度而异;0.1～2.0mg/LKT与0.01～0.05mg/L NAA配合使用效果更好,NAA促进愈伤组织生长的作用大于KT。     

笋用竹林培育研究现状

从良种繁育、结构控制、环境控制 3个途径综述了国内外近 15年来对笋用丰产林研究的状况 ,探讨了笋用林培育的研究方向 ,为笋用林的丰产、优质、高效培育研究提供依据     

家具产业的发展与绿色思维

以全球性可持续发展的战略思想为背景，就与家具产业发展相关的绿色产品设计与开发、生态工艺的应用，以及绿色消费观等进行了探讨，提出了可持续发展的产品开发方向，工艺技术路线，以及家具消费文化等新观念。     

澳门民间遛狗文化与城市遛狗公园建设匹配度研究

民间遛狗文化是澳门的民俗特色之一。如何科学合理地规划建设城市遛狗公园（遛狗区）以满足市民日益增长的生活需求已成为专业部门面临的重要挑战。通过对文献实证研究、遥感测绘和实地调研,梳理了近代以来澳门遛狗、赛狗的民俗文化活动特点,分析了澳门高密度城市环境中的民间遛狗文化与城市遛狗公园建设的供需匹配度,得出澳门半岛与离岛城市遛狗公园建设均有较大的匹配度失衡,针对性提出未来澳门城市遛狗公园建设的规划策略思路。     

英语僵化现象原因及对策研究

在梳理语言僵化研究基础上,重点探究了僵化现象产生的深层次原因,提出在二语习得过程中,应从提高语言输入质量,适时纠正语言输出,注重学习策略的训练,培养学生跨文化意识等层面出发,以帮助二语习得者缓解,并最终克服语言僵化,以期提高二语习得者的外语水平.     

Comparison of fecal culture and F57 real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Swiss cattle herds with a history of paratuberculosis

Background

Bovine paratuberculosis is an incurable chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). The prevalence of MAP in the Swiss cattle population is hard to estimate, since only a few cases of clinical paratuberculosis are reported to the Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office each year.Fecal samples from 1,339 cattle (855 animals from 12 dairy herds, 484 animals from 11 suckling cow herds, all herds with a history of sporadic paratuberculosis) were investigated by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for shedding of MAP.

Results

By culture, MAP was detected in 62 of 445 fecal pools (13.9%), whereas PCR detected MAP in 9 of 445 pools (2.0%). All 186 samples of the 62 culture-positive pools were reanalyzed individually. By culture, MAP was grown from 59 individual samples (31.7%), whereas PCR detected MAP in 12 individual samples (6.5%), all of which came from animals showing symptoms of paratuberculosis during the study. Overall, MAP was detected in 10 out of 12 dairy herds (83.3%) and in 8 out of 11 suckling cow herds (72.7%).

Conclusions

There is a serious clinically inapparent MAP reservoir in the Swiss cattle population. PCR cannot replace culture to identify individual MAP shedders but is suitable to identify MAP-infected herds, given that the amount of MAP shed in feces is increasing in diseased animals or in animals in the phase of transition to clinical disease.     

Characterization of culture supernatant proteins from Brucella abortus and its protection effects against murine brucellosis

In this study, we characterized the secreted proteins of Brucella abortus into the enriched media under the bacterial laboratory growth condition and investigated the pathogenic importance of culture supernatant (CS) proteins to B. abortus infection. CS proteins from stationary phase were concentrated and analyzed using 2D electrophoresis. In MALDI TOF/TOF analysis, more than 27 proteins including CuZn SOD, Dps, Tat, OMPs, Adh, LivF, Tuf, SucC, GroEL and DnaK were identified. Cytotoxic effects of CS proteins were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells. Upon B. abortus challenge into phagocytes, however, CS proteins pre-treated cells exhibited lower bacterial uptake and intracellular replication compared to untreated cells. Immunization with CS proteins induced a strong humoral and cell mediated immune responses and exhibited significant higher degree of protection against virulence of B. abortus infection compared to mice immunized with Brucella broth protein (BBP). Taken together, these results indicate that B. abortus secreted a number of soluble immunogenic proteins under laboratory culture condition, which can promote antibody production resulted in enhancing host defense against to subsequently bacterial infection. Moreover, further analysis of CS proteins may help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of B. abortus infection and host–pathogen interaction.     

Assessment of Aspergillus fumigatus burden in lungs of intratracheally-challenged turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) by quantitative PCR,galactomannan enzyme immunoassay,and quantitative culture

Aspergillus fumigatus remains a major respiratory pathogen in birds and treatment is still difficult. We challenged different groups of few-day-old turkeys via intratracheal aerosolisation with increasing concentrations (10⁵ up to 10⁸) of conidia using a MicroSprayer^® device. The fungal burden was assessed by real-time PCR, galactomannan dosage, CFU counting and histopathological evaluation in order to provide a comparison of these results within each inoculum groups. Significant mortality, occurring in the first 96 h after inoculation, was only observed at the highest inoculum dose. Culture counts, GM index and qPCR results on the one hand and inoculum size on the other hand appeared to be clearly correlated. The mean fungal burden detected by qPCR was 1.3 log₁₀ units higher than the mean values obtained by CFU measurement. The new model and the markers will be used to evaluate the efficacy of antifungal treatments that could be used in poultry farms.     

不同培养液中卵形隐藻的生长和主要生化组成的比较

于１９９３年５月￣７月研究了５种培养液中形隐藻的生长及其主要生化成分的组成。结果表明，作者设计的ＦＰＷ培养液培养的卵形隐藻的最大密度和特定生长率均明显高于目前室内研究中普遍使用的ＷＣ培养液培养的相应值；氨基酸及必需氨基酸的比例非常接近；但蛋白质水平及多不饱和脂肪酸比例稍低。ＦＰＷ组成的简单性及由池塘水配制的特点表明，在隐藻规模化培养时，ＦＰＷ较ＷＣ具有更大的实用性。