油菜收割机脱粒分离装置的试验研究

目前的油菜联合收割机都是利用原有的稻麦联合收割机进行改进而来,存在损失率高和脱粒不净等问题.为此,分析了影响物料脱粒分离工作性能的影响因素,并选取试验研究因子,将其按照正交试验原则进行油菜脱粒分离装置的设计.对由不同脱粒分离部件组合的脱粒分离装置进行了对比试验,得出了最佳工作参数,优选出最佳脱粒分离装置,为油菜联合收割机脱粒分离系统的研究提供了理论依据.     

城市透水面集水效应现场试验

现场试验是获得城市透水面雨水下渗特性的重要手段。为了探索和验证城市透水面集水效应的现场试验方法,并初步率定嵌草砖铺装路面的渗流特性,通过城市嵌草砖铺装路面的降雨模拟现场试验,观测试验面出口的径流过程。结果证实：1）该试验系统的降雨模拟装置可移动性好,节水显著;径流观测装置对试验区周围地貌改变微小,其灵敏度和可操作性符合试验要求。2）嵌草砖铺装路面初期产流量较小,其主要原因是高出地面的嵌草及低于地面的水坑阻挡了地表径流;试验场出口径流过程曲线有波动,造成这种现象的主要原因是流场中嵌草的起伏和摆动。3）当地表充分湿润、降雨强度为1.19 mm/min时,嵌草砖铺装路面的渗流率约为0.42。     

长期施肥对棕壤氧化还原酶活性和动力学特征的影响

土壤质量与土壤的生物学性质密切相关,施肥制度对土壤生物学特性的影响研究对土壤质量管理具有重要的意义。本文以沈阳农业大学长期肥料定位试验为基地,研究长期不同施肥制度对土壤理化性质,过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶活性和动力学特征的影响。主要研究结果:施用化肥、有机肥配施化肥降低土壤pH值,提高4种土壤全量养分(全C、全P、全S、全N)含量,有机肥配施化肥提高土壤速效N含量;低量化肥配施有机肥显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性及Vmax/Km值和Vmax值,低量化肥配施有机肥显著提高脱氢酶活性及Vmax/Km值,降低脱氢酶Km值。本文的研究表明,合理的化肥施用量及配施有机肥是提高土壤生物学活性的有效手段。     

水泥-粉煤灰基植生固沙材料的正交优化和氮、磷、钾初期释放速率研究

以本实验室设计的配方来制备水泥-粉煤灰基固沙材料,以3～4个月释放期的美国Osmocote 14-14-14为控释肥肥源,以PAM、自制SAP1和SAP2为吸水保水剂,采用沙柱法对植生固沙材料的吸水剂种类、吸水剂用量、肥料用量和水灰比材料参数进行正交优化试验,研究材料参数与NPK释放速率和材料抗压、抗折强度的关系。结果表明,影响N释放速率的主要因素是肥料用量和吸水剂种类,影响抗折强度的主要因素是水灰比和吸水剂种类,优化配方是1.5%PAM,0.8 g Osmocote/100 g沙和水灰比为1.2。在水泥-粉煤灰基固沙材料中NPK的28 d初期释放量大小顺序为K＞N＞P,其原因是水泥基材料富钾和固磷特性使得增K减P,水泥基材料毛细孔多孔特征使得N将以气态氨和液态銨释放。N的初期释放率受N的水溶肿胀和控释肥薄膜孔缝扩大速度的影响。     

Using composted wheat residue as a growth medium in culture of tomato

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different growing media on some properties of tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum L. cv. Falcato). Four growing media including wheat residue, composted wheat residue, coco peat + perlite, and coco peat + soil were applied in pot experiment with completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that fruit yield, chlorophyll, and vitamin C contents of tomatoes grown in the composted wheat residue and coco peat + perlite treatments were significantly greater than the other growth media. Fresh weight of root and inflorescence were higher in the tomatoes cultivated in the composted wheat residue pots than the other media. Higher internode length and nutrient concentrations in leaf and fruit at the coco peat + perlite treatment were obtained as compared to the other growth media treatments. According to the results, it can be concluded that the coco peat + perlite can be substituted for by composted wheat residue for the cultivation of tomato.     

斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒的分离及感染力测定

对福建农业大学生物技术中心采集分离的斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒进行了致病过程和形态大小的观察、感染力测定以及小菜蛾和菜青虫对该病毒的敏感性等方面的初步研究．斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒形状不规则,大小不一,直径为１．０～２．５μｍ,平均直径为１．６５μｍ．以斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾和菜青虫为靶标害虫,对该病毒的感染力及杀虫特异性进行了测定．结果表明：在测定的浓度范围内,斜纹夜蛾幼虫感病死亡率随多角体浓度和虫龄而变化,在２５℃下,３龄幼虫的致死中浓度为１×１０５．１４ＰＩＢｍＬ－１;浓度相同时,幼虫死亡速度随龄期增大而减慢;对小菜蛾和菜青虫幼虫的致病死亡率为０．可见,此多角体病毒对斜纹夜蛾具有较高的毒力,且专化性强．     

大白猪生产和繁殖性状遗传趋势的分析

配合混合模型,用非求导的REML方法（DF-REML）分析估计了大白猪生产和繁殖性状的表型和遗传趋势。165日龄体重、90kg体重平均背膘厚和总产仔数的表型趋势分别为1.64、-0.23和0.11,遗传趋势分别为0.76、-0.14和0.01。结果表明,大白猪品系选择试验的165日龄体重和90kg体重背膘厚两个主选性状的选择是显著有效的,生长速度逐代提高,背膘厚逐代下降。辅助的体型选择使得大白猪体型结构逐渐向结实型发展。产仔数的遗传趋势是弱的有利变化,表明在对生长速度与背膘厚合并选择时,对繁殖性能的影响很小。     

名优百合的繁殖与复壮

以东方百合Ｃａｓａｂｌａｎｃａ的退化种球为实验材料,首先将鳞茎为内外层分别剥取,扦插基质为东北产硬杂木刨花和泥炭＋沙。外界条件下２０℃恒温避光和９～３０℃变温自然光。在变温自然光条件下,又分别采用不同浓度的ＡＢＴ生根粉处理。扦插１０２ｄ后的结果是：２０℃恒温避光条件下,无论基质如何,外层鳞片的扦插效果明显好于内层鳞片;ＡＢＴ生根粉有利于鳞片生根,而对于小鳞茎的发生有抑制作用;外层鳞片无论什么基质,     

A Preliminary Study on Dynamics and Models of N, P, K Absorption for High-Yield Cotton

The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K ab-sorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: Thecontents of N, P2O5, K2O in cotton leaves, stems, squares and bolls decreased obviously with the time over thewhole growth duration and the falling extent was greater in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of N inleaves, squares and bolls, in particular in the leaves of fruit-bearing shoot was higher in high-yield cotton thanin CK. Contents of P2O5 in squares and bolls and that of K2O in stems were higher in high-yield cotton than inCK during the whole growing period. The accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the cotton plants could be de-scribed with a logistic curve equation. There was the fastest nutrient uptake at about 90 d for N, 92 d for P2O5and 85 d for K2O after emergence, respectively. Total nutrient accumulation of N, P2 O5 and K2O was 385.8,244.7 and 340.3 kg ha-1 , respectively. Approximately 12.5 kg N, 8.0 kg P2O5 and 11.1 kg K2O were neededfor producing 100 kg lint with the leaves and stems under the super high yield condition of 3 000 kg ha-1 inXinjiang.     

多相流管道输量突增的瞬态效应试验研究

在大型多相流环道上进行了液量增加的瞬态试验，讨论了试验中的瞬态效应。当液相流量快速增加后，压力波首先传播到管道各点，压力发生扰动，一般时间后空隙传播到各点，压力快速上升。压力快速变化向下游的传播速度等于空隙波的波速。在段塞流时，空隙波波速等于液塞运动速度，在分层流时，空隙波波速等于液体实际流速；在气团流时，空隙波波速等于气液混合物的速度。差压的变化较为复杂，在不同流型和液量下的变化不同。