保定市水库水环境质量现状评价

近几年来,由于上游农田过量施用化肥以及工业企业的发展和水库旅游规模的不断扩大,保定市水库的水质污染呈加重趋势。对保定市3个水库的水质进行了调查和评价。结果表明：安格庄水库水质超过地表水Ⅱ类标准,水质有下降的趋势,属于国家地表水Ⅲ类标准。     

Fluorine and copper accumulation in lettuce grown on fluoride and copper contaminated soils

ABSTRACT

Presence of copper (Cu) and fluorine (F) in soils pose a risk of food web contamination when crops are grown on such soils. Greenhouse experiments involving 34 soil samples were carried out to explore the uptake of F and Cu by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Each soil sample was divided into two parts. One set was irrigated with tap-water and another set was irrigated with F-contaminated water. Lettuce plants were grown for 60 days then harvested. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis, t- or F-tests. Soils contained elevated concentrations of F and low to high concentrations of Cu. Soluble fractions of F were higher than reported values from other studies. It was observed that the soluble F or Cu contents in F-contaminated irrigated soils were significantly higher than the F or Cu contents in tap-water irrigated soils. Concentrations of F in lettuce were higher than normal F concentrations in plants. Soil EC was negatively related with the concentration of Cu in lettuce. A negative relationship occurred between the concentrations of F and Cu in the lettuce plants, signifying that the two pollutants have antagonistic relationships. The lettuce irrigated with F^? contaminated water, accumulated higher concentrations of F than the lettuce irrigated with tap water, indicating that the F-contaminated water irrigated lettuce was more contaminated than the tap-water irrigated lettuce.     

典型内分泌干扰物在天然水环境中的污染水平

选取7种典型内分泌干扰物双酚A、壬基酚、辛基酚、雌酮、雌二醇、雌三醇、17α-乙炔基雌二醇,检索全球范围水环境中的污染水平,按地区、季节(水期)具体分析其在水相和悬浮颗粒物中的浓度分布特征。结果表明,外源性内分泌干扰物的污染水平明显高于内源性内分泌干扰物;在全球范围内,发展中国家的污染程度普遍高于发达国家;具体流域中EDCs的浓度分布则取决于当地温度、人类活动、径流变化等多因素。     

植物组织培养过程中污染现象的研究进展

从植物组织培养中污染的概念、研究意义出发，在归纳了组培过程中污染的病原和来源的基础上，提出控制污染的可行途径．综述了控制污染的有效措施，并提出了自己的见解。     

南京有机污染风险区农田土壤多环芳烃污染状况研究

采集南京地区不同有机污染风险区农田表层土壤,用超快速液相色谱仪检测样品中15种EPA优控的多环芳烃(PAHs)含量。结果表明,被检农田土壤多环芳烃总量分布于306.0~1251.3μg kg~(-1)之间,均值682.0μg kg~(-1),四环以上高环多环芳烃占较大比例(80%)。根据欧洲土壤质量标准,所检土壤样本已达污染水平。不同风险污染区农田土壤PAHs的含量由高至低为:钢铁工业区、有机垃圾处理区、化工工业区及炼油工业区。钢铁工业区附近主要的污染物为荧蒽、芘、屈和苯并[a]蒽,分别占到污染物总量的16%、13%、10%和10%。采用荧蒽/(荧蒽+芘)与茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘/(茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘+苯并[g,h,i]苝)比值对各地污染物来源进行分析,结果发现调查区域的PAHs污染物以燃烧源为主,生物质燃料为主要污染物,部分地区同时有石油燃烧污染。     

优化香蕉离体培养药物消毒技术的探讨

在香蕉离体培养过程中,进行了对外植体不经表面药物消毒与传统消毒的对比试验,结果表明:两种处理的外植体萌芽诱导率分别为77.30%和76.88%,污染率分别为22.70%和23.13%,差异不显著。由此认为,以香蕉吸芽作外植体在离体培养中所产生的污染与是否进行表面药物消毒关系不大。从而可以优化香蕉离体培养的操作程序。     

生姜茎尖组织培养和污染率控制的研究

以生姜茎尖为外植体,筛选了愈伤组织和芽分化的最适培养基和培养方式,并探讨了生姜组织培养过程中污染率的控制方法.试验结果表明,将表面消毒与抗生素浸泡处理相结合,能有效降低污染率.培养基MS 6-BA 1 mg/L IAA 1 mg/L是愈伤组织诱导与芽分化的最适培养基.     

福州菜区农业生态环境现状研究

参照有关标准及背景值分析了福州菜区四大水系、渠沟灌溉水、菜园土、城镇农用垃圾的硝酸盐和重金属元素的污染特征，结果表明，四大水系水质晋安河为轻污染，白马河和闽江下游福州水段为微污染，八一水库存为清洁，均可灌溉；渠沟灌溉水污染分布不均，东片的岳峰、鹤龄2个点Hg含量临界超标值，西片的长汀点Pb含量严重超标。菜园土除Cd外，其他重金属元素均有不同程度污染。城镇农用垃圾重金属含量虽符合国家标准，但Cr、Pb、Hg、As4种元素含量高于一般菜园土，这是造成福州菜区菜园土和蔬菜重金属污染的重要原因。     

徐州市北郊农业土壤重金属污染评价

研究评价徐州市北郊农业土壤重金属污染状况结果表明,该区农业土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cr 5种重金属平均含量均高于土壤背景值,其农业土壤Cd、Cr为重污染,土壤Zn为污染警戒级(尚清洁水平),其他2种元素为安全级(清洁水平),其综合污染指数为Cr>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb。