EFFECT OF PREVIOUS NITROGEN STARVATION ON NO3 − AND NH4 + UPTAKE AND ASSIMILATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE ENDOGENOUS SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION IN MOROCCAN WHEAT SEEDLINGS

Uptake of the two forms of nitrogen NO₃ ^? and NH₄ ⁺ and nitrate reduction have been studied in two varieties of Moroccan wheat seedlings, cvs. Sais and Jouda, cultivated under controlled conditions in a hydroponic medium. The available form of nitrogen in the medium had a direct effect on the rate of nitrogen absorption. A brief nitrogen starvation increased the root length and stimulated accumulation of soluble carbohydrates, especially in the root tissues. A resupply of nitrogen stimulated ammonium and nitrate uptake and assimilation with higher mobilization of the soluble carbohydrates previously accumulated in root seedlings. It is suggested that root nitrogen and carbohydrate status might both regulate nitrate uptake and reduction in Moroccan wheat seedlings.

The seedlings raised with the nitrate supply accumulated nitrate in the vacuole as an osmoticum. Shoots are the preferential site for such accumulation. The accumulation of mineral nitrogen was absent in the seedlings cultivated with ammonium supply but was compensated by accumulation of soluble organic nitrogen.     

Nitrogen nutrition,leaf resistance,and leaf photosynthetic rate of the rice plant

The evidence that indicates a close association between nitrogen nutrition and the Photosynthetic rate of single rice leaves (Table 1) shows that the photosynthetic rate is related to the nitrogen content on a dry weight basis or on a leaf area basis, Photosynthesis of single leaves can be analyzed in terms of a series of diffusion resistances, i.e., stomatal, mesophyll, and carboxylation (1, 3, 6). Nitrogen nutrition may affect either one of these or more than two at the same time. Nitrogen nutrition affects mainly the mesophyll resistance, and the stomatal resistance to a lesser extent, in cotton, beans, and maize (10) while it affects both the stomatal and mesophyll resistance in sugar beet (8).     

关节式蔬菜育苗穴盘播后自动摆放机设计

为解决中国蔬菜育苗播种后人工摆放穴盘劳动强度大的难题,设计了关节式蔬菜育苗穴盘播后自动摆放机,并对机器的关键部件进行了理论分析及设计计算。确定了以关节式机械手作为摆盘执行机构,对其进行了数学建模并得到了摆盘机械手运动学方程。在单因素试验的基础上,进行Box-Behnken Design响应面优化试验设计,探求了穴盘输送高度、输送角度、输送速度3个关键参数对穴盘间距合格率、穴盘摆正率、穴盘排齐率3个评价指标的影响规律,利用Design-Expert软件对试验结果进行方差分析,建立了评价指标与各影响因素的数学回归模型,并进行响应面分析,得到了影响摆盘效果的3个关键参数的最佳组合为：穴盘输送速度为60 mm/s,穴盘输送角度为31°,穴盘输送高度为40 mm。并对优选出的最佳摆盘参数组合进行了试验验证分析,试验结果为：穴盘间距合格率97.6%,穴盘摆正率96.5%,穴盘排齐率95.7%,试验结果与理论预测值的误差绝对值均低于5%,表明摆盘执行机构在最佳工艺参数组合下工作平稳可靠,满足穴盘摆放技术要求。该研究可为全自动化、智能化穴盘摆放机的设计提供参考。     

The Effect of Spraying Concentrated Biogas on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Seedling

[Objective] The effect of concentrated biogas slurry on growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings was studied in this experiment, and theoretical basis for the rational application of concentrated biogas slurry was provided. [Method] Potted cotton seedlings was sprayed by five different dosages of concentrated biogas slurry, the impact of different spraying quantity (163 mL·hm^－2, 326 mL·hm^－2, 489 mL·hm^－2, 668 mL·hm^－2, 815 mL·hm^－2) after spraying time (after spraying 2nd day, 4th day, 6th day) on cotton seedlings growth and physiological indexes were studied. [Results] The results showed that the suitable quantity of spraying of concentrated biogas slurry had promoting effect to the cotton growth and development, the excess concentrated biogas slurry could inhibit the growth of cotton seedlings. The plant height, dry weight per plant and leaf area of spraying 489 mL·hm^－2 processing are the highest, the average of two batches on the 6th day after spraying are 21.15%, 35.95%, 18.84% higher than CK, respectively. Spraying concentrated biogas slurry can improve cotton seedlings chlorophyll content, soluble sugar contents, soluble protein content. Spraying 489 mL·hm^－2 processing is the highest in both batches, the average of two batches is 18.84%, 24.03%, 3.16% higher than CK, respectively. The result of concentrated biogas slurry onseedlings leaves took effect quickly, especially in 0～4th days. [Conclusion] It is concluded that the suitable amount of concentrated biogas slurry has a positive effect on the growth and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings, which is beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings of cotton and provides the basis for the later growth of cotton.     

8种棕榈植物幼苗耐盐性的比较分析

摘要：将加那利海枣(Phoenix canariensis)、棍棒椰子(Hyophorbe verschaffeltii)、三角椰子（Dypsis decaryi）、国王椰子（Ravenea rivularis）、飓风椰子（Dictyosperma album）、大王椰子（Roystonea regia）、红棕榈（Latania lontanoides）和狐尾椰子(Wodyetia bifurcata)8种棕榈植物幼苗培养在不同含盐量的土壤中,研究了土壤盐度与棕榈植物幼苗株高生长、植株各部分生物量的关系,确定棕榈植物幼苗生长的土壤盐度的适宜值、临界值和极限值。根据植物生长量和土壤盐度的关系曲线,可以分成3种类型：低盐促进类型（三角椰子和棍棒椰子）、直线负相关类型（国王椰子、加那利海枣和飓风椰子）和低盐敏感类型（狐尾椰子、红棕榈和大王椰子）。8种棕榈植物幼苗耐盐性依次为：加那利海枣>棍棒椰子>三角椰子>国王椰子>飓风椰子>大王椰子>红棕榈>狐尾椰子。     

控释尿素接触施用对番茄幼苗生长的影响

为提升蔬菜育苗的养分管理水平、培育壮苗,从而为作物高产打下基础,以不同释放期的控释尿素为试验材料,通过穴盘育苗试验研究了控释尿素与番茄种子接触施用对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：PCU50处理出现烧苗现象,番茄幼苗生长受到抑制,与常规育苗相比,株高、茎粗、叶绿素分别降低27.9%、11.1%和10.6%,地上部干重、根干重和壮苗指数则分别降低47.2%、35.6%和35.8%。而PCU130处理的番茄幼苗长势良好,茎粗、叶绿素含量和壮苗指数相比常规育苗分别增加3.70%、10.0%和35.0%,根系总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积分别增加95.1%和44.7%。控释肥与种子接触施用关键在于合理的控释肥释放期的选择,综合考虑番茄幼苗各项生长指标,认为释放期为130天的控释尿素更为适宜。     

2CYL-450型水稻秧盘育秧播种流水线的研制

在分析国内外水稻秧盘育秧播种流水线特点的基础上,针对播种器容易伤芽、没有除杂环节、整机操作劳动强度大等不足之处,研制了2CYL-450型水稻秧盘育秧播种流水线;介绍了该流水线的组成、工作原理、主要技术参数及结构特点.设计的播种器由勺式槽轮将种子从种箱中播出,落于筛分板上,经振动筛分、除杂后进入到与其安装为一体的V形槽板上,沿V形槽板有序排队,最后经出口播出.设计的双层秧盘供送装置,通过光电传感器与供送装置实现了依次定位输送秧盘.整个流水线结构简单、操作简便、播种精度好、生产效率高.     

甜椒对不同程度水分胁迫-复水的生理生化响应

对甜椒穴盘苗进行了不同程度的水分胁迫-复水处理,探讨了叶片某些生理生化特性的变化。结果如下：叶片RWC、渗透势随基质水分减少而降低,渗调能力逐步增强。POD、SOD、CAT酶活性随水分减少而上升,SOD对水分胁迫最敏感,复水后主要由POD、CAT负责清除H2O2和过氧化物;游离氨基酸、脯氨酸随基质水分减少急剧上升,复水后大幅下降,可能为轻度胁迫下主要的渗调物质。RWC降至45%(停水后3d)时,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖显著积累,明显晚于氨基酸,但它们基础含量高,主要在较为严重的水分胁迫时发挥作用。虽然水分胁迫使保护酶活性和渗透调节能力均提高,但任何程度的胁迫均不可避免地伤害幼苗。穴盘苗生产中,建议“水分胁迫锻炼”时间以不超过3d(RWC≥45%)为宜。     

硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗细胞膜伤害及其保护酶活性的影响

以抗盐性不同的两个黄瓜品种为材料,研究硅对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗细胞膜伤害及其保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫下细胞的膜质过氧化程度明显加剧,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均有不同程度的下降。外源硅降低了幼苗叶片质膜透性,提高了盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内SOD、POD酶活性,但对CAT活性影响不大。     

油菜钵苗开沟槽水平推苗栽植机构设计与试验

为了提高油菜钵苗移栽效率与质量,设计了一种适合厢面开沟槽水平推苗移栽的栽植机构。为了分析和优化该机构的结构参数,建立了数学模型和运动学方程,并编写了基于Matlab的人机交互式程序。结合油菜钵苗水平推苗移栽的农艺要求,探讨了栽植机构运动轨迹与幼苗移栽直立度合格率的关系。研究了水平推苗移栽的运动机理,优选了栽植机构杆件长度、安装位置和初始角度等参数,并根据该参数设计了油菜钵苗幼苗移栽试验装置。进行了栽植机构运动静、动轨迹验证试验和栽苗试验,轨迹验证试验表明,样机实际运动规律符合仿真设计要求,栽苗试验表明,在行驶速度0. 4～0. 6 m/s、栽植机构循环频率在1～1. 5 Hz之间,移栽株距0. 2～0. 3 m,移栽深度0. 04～0. 06 m时,水平推苗栽植合格率不低于90%,说明水平推苗移栽满足油菜钵苗移栽要求。