西宁地区容器育苗的施肥技术

根据苗木不同生长阶段对水肥的不同需求,提出适合西宁地区容器育苗的施肥方法及施肥配方,为容器育苗施肥提供参考依据。     

杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量的影响因素分析

通过收集杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量数据,分析杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量与年平均温度、年降水量、林分年龄、枝叶生物量、凋落物量、林下植被生物量的相关关系。结果表明,杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量与林龄、林下植被生物量、凋落物量、枝叶生物量呈显著正相关,其中与林下植被生物量相关性最大,与年均温呈负相关,而与年降水量无显著相关。多元线性回归分析表明,林龄可单独解释枯枝落叶现存量变化的21.2%,而林龄、降水量、年均温、枝叶生物量可以解释枯枝落叶现存量变化的38.6%。     

玻璃纤维和亚麻屑增强三倍体毛白杨木质(刨花)复合材料的研究

以三倍体毛白杨木质刨花为主要原料，短切玻璃纤维丝和亚麻屑混合为增强材料，胶粘剂采用ＢＮ—１号ＰＦ 树脂，并以复合材料的复合原理、产品用途及工业化生产可行性为原则，设计具有混杂表层的增强三倍体毛白杨木质 复合材料，同时对复合工艺进行了系统研究。结果表明：这种复合材料结构设计合理，采用适当工艺条件制备的具有 混杂表层的三倍体毛白杨木质复合材料其产品的ＭＯＲ、ＭＯＥ得以大大提高，产品性能达到或超过欧共体定向结构 板（ＰｒＥＮ３００－９４ＯＳＢ／４）标准的要求，可作为集装箱底板的替代材料。     

Status of floor vegetation under some monoculture and mixculture plantations in North India

A study conducted to assess the floor vegetation shows the presence of 17 species underPopulus deltoides in comparison to 28, 29 and 35 underAlbizia lebbeck, Dalbergia sissoo and mix-culture plantations, respectively. Further, the biomass and density of floor vegetation is considerably reduced underP. deltoides compared to other plantations. In addition, the indices for species richness, evenness, dominance and diversity are also reduced underP. deltoides showing some inhibitory mechanism being operative under these plantations. Based on available literature, allelopathy is speculated to be responsible for this reduction.     

Establishment and growth of coniferous seedlings in an altered forest floor after long-term exclusion of deer

We evaluated differences between the forest floors and the establishment and growth of coniferous seedlings in fenced (13 years) and unfenced plots on Mt Ohdaigahara where the sika deer (Cervus nippon) population density is high. Large coniferous seedlings (height > 0.05 m) were less abundant in the unfenced plot, as a result of deer browsing. Small coniferous seedlings (height < 0.05 m), however, were more abundant in the unfenced plot, where most seedlings of Abies homolepis were found on bare ground and those of Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis were found on buttresses and fallen logs. The large area of bare ground in the unfenced plot was caused by deer browsing. Deer therefore have an indirect effect on the emergence and growth of small coniferous seedlings by modifying the forest floor.     

草炭杯容器育苗实验

为提高苗木质量和造林成活率,选用了几种不同容器(草炭杯、塑料杯、蜂窝纸杯、泥土杯),进行了其中以草炭杯为主的对比育苗实验。通过实验调查对比分析,得出结论:草炭杯育苗可以提高苗木质量,增加苗木产量,降低育苗成本。在林业生产建设上具有较高的推广应用价值。     

Effects of forest floor planting and stock type on growth and root emergence of Pinus contorta seedlings in a cold northern cutblock

A two-year field trial was conducted to determine the growth response, and root emergence pattern of interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings in response to container type and forest floor removal. Seedlings were grown in Styroblocks^TM, Copperblocks^TM, or AirBlocks^TM, and were planted directly into the undisturbed forest floor or into manually prepared planting spots where the forest floor had been scraped away to expose the mineral soil. Seedlings planted into scalped planting spots exhibited marginally but significantly (7%) greater above-ground growth rates (seedling stem volume); whereas seedlings planted into the forest floor produced significantly more (11%) new roots. There were no differences in above- or below-ground biomass. Seedlings grown in Copperblock^TM containers produced a higher proportion of roots near the top of the plug when tested at lifting, however this pattern was not observed in the field. Given that scalping is more costly than forest floor planting, and that the increased shoot growth was relatively small, we recommend that forest floor planting be considered as an alternative to manual spot scalping for sites, such as the site tested here: those with cold, but well-drained soils and where competition from other plants is not a serious problem.     

樟子松栗钙土造林效果初探

以樟子松4 a生容器苗在栗钙土上进行造林,采用每年2、2、2、1、1次连续抚育5 a,结果表明:当年成活率达到95.8%,3 a保存率为86.3%,最终保存率为81.2%,高于国家规定16个百分点;11 a生树高总高度为316.4 cm,未发现有病虫危害,长势良好。     

Stability analysis on shallow tunnel with floor lift under inclined ground by upper bound method

采用极限分析上限法,基于内外能耗守恒原理,通过构建考虑隧底隆起的斜坡地段浅埋隧道破坏模式,推导出围岩压力的计算式,并通过典型算例重点分析了典型因素对隧道围岩稳定性的影响。研究结果表明：基于泰沙基极限平衡法进行隧道围岩支护设计较为保守,不考虑隧底隆起的极限分析方法次之考虑隧底隆起极限分析方法的风险最大;斜坡地表倾角增大对浅埋隧道稳定性有着不可忽视的不利影响;围岩压力随岩土侧压力系数减小、埋深增大、断面尺寸加大而增大;岩土黏聚力增大、内摩擦角增大对提高浅埋隧道围岩稳定性有积极作用。     

空气整根营养钵育苗及移栽系统技术的研究开发

营养钵育苗移栽比苗床育苗裸根苗移栽具有明显的增产效果,而空气整根营养钵育苗移栽又比普通营养钵育苗移栽具有明显的增产效果。本文对空气整根营养钵育苗的机理和优点做了分析。作者在美国北卡州立大学黄国彦教授的8项专利的基础上,在中国研制了商品化的空气整根营养钵育苗及移栽系统。本文对所研制的空气整根营养钵育苗秧盘,压缩草炭饼,机械式秧盘精密播种装置和全自动移栽机做了详细的介绍。