油松容器育苗技术研究

通过油松容器苗的播种与容器苗造林实验,结果表明,同等条件下,油松容器播种苗出苗率高于大田苗,容器苗造林、定植成活率高于大田苗。     

红皮树穴盘育苗技术研究

[目的]提高红皮树容器育苗的出苗率、成苗率和移栽成活率,为其开发利用提供优质苗木。[方法]设计3种基质配方3、种穴盘规格、不同配比的肥料在2种光照强度下进行红皮树穴盘育苗试验,探索红皮树穴盘育苗技术。[结果]泥炭+珍珠岩、森林腐殖土+黄心土、树皮粉+黄心土3种基质配方均较适合红皮树穴盘育苗。苗木生长与穴盘容积呈正比。不同生长期肥料配比与苗木质量关系密切。加盖60%透光度遮阳网处理的苗木生长正常,质量指数比全光照处理高27.3%。[结论]培育半年红皮树苗可选用72S型育苗,1年苗可选用林50T型育苗,困难地造林可选用林72T型育苗。苗木速生期和生长后期宜按一定配比施用N∶P∶K液肥。     

软基水闸底板脱空动力学反演模型构建与试验验证

软基水闸极易因地基不均匀沉降、渗透变形等发生底板脱空现象,传统的无损检测方法难以在水下探测底板脱空,且不具实时性,其应用还存在一定局限性。该研究基于软基水闸室内物理模型,提出了一种软基水闸底板脱空动力学反演方法。首先,基于多参数变量的底板脱空范围数学模型,改进了反映软基水闸底板脱空参数与水闸动力学参数（模态参数）之间非线性映射关系的数学代理模型;其次,以水闸多测点多阶频率和振型变化率组合作为动力学敏感特征量,建立了软基水闸底板脱空参数反演的目标函数,并基于遗传算法对目标函数进行求解。最后,建立了软基水闸室内物理模型,并在模型中设置3种不同的底板脱空工况,采用软基水闸底板脱空动力学反演方法对软基水闸底板的脱空进行反演识别与模型验证。结果表明：基于动力学参数反演识别的水闸底板脱空区域趋势和脱空面积与模型实际脱空情况吻合较好,3种工况下水闸底板脱空面积反演结果与模型实际脱空面积的相对误差分别为7.47%、6.78%、6.90%,验证了该方法的可靠性,可望为软基水闸实际工程底板脱空隐患检测提供一种新的思路。     

Nutrients in litterfall,forest floor and mineral soils in two adjacent forest ecosystems in Greece

The fluxes of masses and the nutrients Ca,Mg,K,N,P and S were determined in the litterfall of two adjacent forest ecosystems of Hungarian oak(Quercus frainetto L.)and European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)in a mountainous area of northeastern Greece in 2010–2015.The foliar litterfall for both species reached about 70%of the total litterfall,and was significantly higher from the other two fractions(woody and rest litterfall).The fluxes of masses and nutrients were compared between ecosystems for each fraction separately.Only one significant statistical difference was found,that of K in the woody litterfall.In addition,the stocks of masses and nutrients were calculated in the forest floors and mineral soils of the two ecosystems.Likewise,the stocks of nutrients in the forest floors and mineral soils were compared between ecosystems.In the L horizon of the forest floors,statistical differences,as a result of species effect,were found for the stocks of Ca and N.In the FH horizons,the masses and all the nutrient stocks differed significantly,as the beech plot had much higher quantities of organic matter and nutrients.These higher quantities were probably due to low soil temperatures(microclimate)and high acidity in the beech plot(species effect)that slowed down decomposition.In the mineral soils,the propagation of random error derived from random errors of the individual soil layers was an important factor in the statistical comparisons.Because of the soil acidity in the beech plot,the stocks of exchangeable base cations were significantly higher in the oak plot,whereas the other nutrient stocks did not differ.     

樟子松温室容器育苗技术

樟子松温室容器育苗出苗率达95%以上,表现为生长快,造林成活率高,通过温室容器育苗缩短育苗周期,经济效益显著。     

三种地板类型对母猪肢蹄健康的影响

为探索饲养母猪适宜的地板类型,跟踪分析3 600头母猪在3种地板模式下肢蹄部健康状况的影响。结果表明:使用新型复合材料开放式地板的母猪肢蹄健康状态最好,母猪肢蹄部病变比例为17.87%;半开放式混凝土地板加三合土地板次之,母猪肢蹄部病变为23.67%;限位饲养全混凝土地板较差,母猪肢蹄部病变为30.44%。试验数据说明,利用全漏缝新材料复合地板在自由采食饲养管理方式作用下,能够改善母猪肢蹄部健康状况的新思路、新方法是有效的、可行的。     

多层写字楼施工技术实例分析

本文主要对单体用钢量大、楼层高的多层写字楼的施工进行技术分析,为今后此类型工业建筑施工工艺水平的提高提供成功的经验。     

Comparison of ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions during the fattening of pigs, kept either on fully slatted floor or on deep litter

Five successive batches of fattening pigs were raised, each during a four month period, on a totally concrete slatted floor in one experimental room and on straw based deep litter in another. The rooms were automatically ventilated to maintain a constant ambient temperature. Available floor space was of 0.75 m² per pig kept on the slatted floor and 1.20 m² per pig kept on the deep litter. With this last system, about 46 kg of straw were supplied per pig throughout a fattening period. The slurry pit was emptied and the litter removed after each batch. Once a month, the emissions of ammonia (NH₃), nitrous oxide (N₂O), methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water vapour (H₂O) were measured continuously for 6 consecutive days by infra-red photoacoustic detection.The performance of the animals was not significantly different according to the floor type.Gaseous emissions from pigs raised on the slatted floor and on the deep litter were, respectively, 6.2 and 13.1 g per pig per day for NH₃, 0.54 and 1.11 g per pig per day for N₂O, 16.3 and 16.0 g per pig per day for CH₄, 1.74 and 1.97 kg per pig per day for CO₂ and 2.48 and 3.70 kg per pig per day for H₂O. Except for the CH₄ emissions, all the differences were significant (P < 0.001). Thus, pig fattening on deep litter releases nearly 20% more greenhouse gases than on slatted floor, with 2.64 and 2.24 kg of CO₂-equivalents, respectively (P < 0.001). Whatever the floor type, emissions increased from the beginning to the end of the fattening periods by about 5 times for NH₃, 4 times for N₂O, 3 times for CH₄ and 2 times for CO₂ and H₂O. Correlation coefficients between CO₂-emissions and H₂O, NH₃ and CH₄ emissions were, on average for both floor types, 0.82, 0.77 and 0.74, respectively.Although rearing pigs on straw generally has a good brand image for the consumer, this rearing system produces more pollutant gases than keeping pigs on slatted floors.     

不同轻型基质对湿地松容器苗生长影响的研究

采用5种基质培育1年生湿地松容器苗，对不同基质培育的苗木地径、高度、鲜干重等指标进行了测定。结果表明，不同轻型基质配方对湿地松容器苗质量影响明显，表现较好的配方是Ⅳ号、Ⅱ号、Ⅲ号基质；同时，容器大小选择B型较好：     

樟子松温棚容器育苗技术

温棚樟子松容器育苗,改善了生长环境,缩短了育苗时间,苗木质量好,造林成活率高。