Control of Helminthosporium leaf blight of spring wheat using seed treatments and single foliar spray in Indo-Gangetic Plains of Nepal

Four fungicides for seed treatments and one as foliar spray were tested in replicated field experiments in a strip plot design to determine the effect of fungicides on Helminthosporium leaf blight (caused by Cochliobolus sativus and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) severity and grain yield of wheat. Wheat seed cv. RR 21 was treated with fungicides, carbendazim (Areestin), triadimenol (Baytan), tebuconazole (Raxil), and carboxin + thiram (Vitavax 200B). Single foliar application of propiconazole (Tilt) was sprayed at flowering stage. Controls were included for both factors and treatments were replicated four times. Triadimenol and carboxin + thiram increased seed germination in both years. Triadimenol, tebuconazole, and carboxin + thiram reduced the number of infected seedlings and seedling root rot severity in both years. Number of tillers was higher in carboxin + thiram treated plots compared to other seed treatments. Compared to the control, carboxin + thiram increased grain yield by 9% and 8% in 2004 and 2005, respectively, and triadimenol by 6% in both years. The foliar spray of propiconazole significantly reduced Helminthosporium leaf blight severity and increased thousand-kernel weights. Propiconazole spray increased grain yield by 15% and 14% in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Therefore, seed treatment either with triadimenol or carboxin + thiram in combination with single post-flowering foliar spray of fungicides should minimize grain yield loss due to wheat foliar blight in South Asia. The findings of this study could be useful in developing strategies to manage Helminthosporium leaf blight in South Asia and other warm wheat growing regions of the world.     

水稻苗期耐冷性研究进展

就我国水稻苗期耐冷性的鉴定与评价、遗传、分子标记和育种与选择效应等方面的研究进展进行了阐述。并对今后水稻的耐冷性研究提出了建议和展望。     

不同秧龄对双季稻早衰的影响研究

从双季稻的产量构成因素及产量的变化入手,详细研究了不同秧龄对双季稻早衰的影响程度,确定了在常规栽培条件下的最适宜秧龄期:早稻为15~25d,晚稻秧龄越短越好。     

EM浸种对玉米苗期农艺性状的影响

以玉米品种农大108为试验材料,研究不同浓度EM稀释液浸种对玉米幼苗生长发育的影响,遴选出玉米施用EM的最佳浓度。试验结果表明:EM浸种可促进玉米幼苗生长发育,增加玉米苗期株高和茎粗,增加玉米幼苗的叶面积,从而提高玉米幼苗素质,形成壮苗。500倍EM稀释液是玉米生产上较为理想的施用浓度。     

播期播量耦合对小麦越冬死苗的影响

采用D-饱和最优设计法对播期和播量耦合与小麦越冬死苗的关系进行了研究,结果表明:在10月25日播种、播量为8万基本苗/667 m2条件下,小麦的越冬死苗率最低;晚播和减少播量有利于降低越冬死苗率;播期对小麦越冬死苗率的影响大于播量。     

狼毒水浸液对山韭种子发芽及幼苗生长的化感作用

本文以狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)为供体植物,探讨其根、茎叶水浸液对草原伴生种山韭(Allium senescens)种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响,为狼毒对牧草化感作用的研究提供新材料,并为揭示其对山韭的化感作用机制提供理论参考。结果表明：狼毒根、茎叶水浸液对山韭种子发芽具有抑制作用,且随浓度的增加逐渐增强,发芽率分别降低了43.94%和87.13%;狼毒根、茎叶水浸液对山韭种子胚根、胚芽及幼苗的生长具有“低促高抑”的化感作用,即低浓度(0.5,5和10 mg·mL^-1)促进,高浓度(20和50 mg·mL^-1)抑制;化感效应指数表明,狼毒茎叶水浸液对山韭种子发芽的化感抑制作用强于根水浸液;对山韭种子胚根、胚芽及幼苗生长的化感作用表明,低浓度根水浸液的化感促进作用强于茎叶水浸液,而高浓度茎叶水浸液的化感抑制作用强于根水浸液。研究说明了狼毒对山韭不同的生长阶段均存在一定的化感作用,且与其部位的化感效应存在规律性变化。     

观赏槭树的苗期试验初报

观赏槭树育苗试验表明,不同树种、种源间种实发芽率差异较大。发芽率较高的种类有樟叶槭(92%)、鸡爪槭(90%)、三角枫(90%),其次是复叶槭(85%)、红花槭(82%)、橄榄槭(76%)和元宝槭(75%);茶条槭、五角槭、罗浮槭发芽率均小于70%。1年生苗高生长量以复叶槭最大(113.98 cm),其次是三角枫(101.21 cm);樟叶槭和鸡爪槭1年生苗生长量中等,当年生长量分别为62.43 cm和71.74 cm;罗浮槭、青榨槭和橄榄槭1年生苗高生长量较小。季节生长节律有3种类型:橄榄槭、鸡爪槭、元宝槭、茶条槭等几种槭树表现为第1类型(前期生长型),即5月前苗木缓慢生长,6~7月进入速生期,7月以后苗木渐渐停止生长,速生期较短。复叶槭和青榨槭表现为第2种类型:1年生苗全年高生长有2次高峰,出现在6月和9月;樟叶槭和三角枫季节生长节律表现为第3种类型:5月生长缓慢,6月生长开始加快进入速生期,一直持续到8月底,速生期长。三角枫、橄榄槭、鸡爪槭、元宝槭、茶条槭、复叶槭和青榨槭等几种槭树表现出较强的抗寒性,樟叶槭和罗浮槭抗寒性较差。     

淮安市种苗发展现状及对策研究

根据淮安市林业种苗发展现状和特点,指出了林业种苗在发展过程中存在的问题,着重从健全组织机构,确定种苗示范基地,强化种苗质量监督等方面阐述了加速林业种苗的发展的措施,对进一步扩大林业种苗的生产规模和提高生产水平有积极指导意义,尤其是对林业跨越式发展、振兴淮安经济、致富农民发挥着重要作用。     

江南桤木育苗技术的研究

本文研究了江南桤木不同播种量和不同水分管理方法的育苗效果。结果表明，播种量以45kg／hm2量为宜，苗木高生长、地径生长和优质苗产量均优于其他几种处理方法；水分管理以“湿管法”育苗效果最好，苗木的高生长、地径生长和优质苗产量与“水管法”、常规育苗方法间均存在显著差异。     

大通沙地柏大田移植育苗技术

2012年进行了沙地柏大田移植育苗试验，本文介绍了沙地柏大田育苗的整地做床、栽培及苗期管理等技术。