高效氯氟氰菊酯对东亚小花蝽捕食功能反应的影响

为了研究高效氯氟氰菊酯对东亚小花蝽雌成虫捕食功能反应的影响,比较分析了LC₂₅、LC₅₀、LC₇₅高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫3日龄东亚小花蝽雌成虫后,对大豆蚜捕食量、寻找效应、猎物密度效应、种内分摊竞争效应和功能反应等的影响。研究表明,对照组与LC₂₅、LC₅₀高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫的东亚小花蝽成虫受猎物密度效应影响明显,而LC₇₅高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫的东亚小花蝽成虫受猎物密度效应影响不明显;在药剂浓度为0 mg/L和140 mg/L时,捕食量达到的最大值和最小值分别为12.33和0.83头,寻找效应达到的最大值和最小值分别为0.96和0.10;受不同浓度药剂胁迫的东亚小花蝽成虫对大豆蚜的捕食能力和寻找效应均随着药剂浓度的增加而下降;捕食量随大豆蚜虫口密度增加而增多,种内竞争分摊强度随小花蝽数量增加而增强,平均捕食量降低;在LC₅₀高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫下,东亚小花蝽成虫捕食作用率方程为E=0.1255P^-0.2956,分摊竞争强度方程为I=0.5401logP^-0.0033。     

Effect of forsythiaside A on immune function in rats with ulcerative colitis

AIM To investigate the effect of forsythiaside A (FA) on immune function in rats with ulcerative colitis and its related mechanism. METHODS Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (no treatment, normal feeding), model group (establishment of rat ulcerative colitis model), and low, medium and high doses of FA groups (treatment of the model rats with FA at 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg, respectively). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rat colon tissues were measured by colorimetry, and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 were detected by ELISA. The spleen index and thymus index, the percentages of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC）, the serum IgA and IgG levels, and the serum complement C3 and C4 levels were also determined. RESULTS The colon tissues of the rats in model group showed obvious inflammation and ulceration, indicating that the animal model was successfully established. Compared with model group, the colonic inflammation and ulceration were significantly attenuated in FA groups, among which the high dose had the best effect. Compared with control group, the spleen index and thymus index of the rars in model group were decreased (P<0.05), MDA content in colon tissues was increased (P<0.05), and SOD activity in colon tissues was decreased (P<0.05). The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in PBMC, and the serum levels of C3, C4 and IL-4 were decreased (P<0.05), while the serum levels of IgA, IgG, TNF-α, and IL-2 were increased in model group as compared with control group. Furthermore, the spleen index and thymus index of the rats in FA groups were increased (P<0.05), the MDA content in the colon tissues was decreased (P<0.05), and the SOD activity in the colon tissues was increased (P<0.05). The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in PBMC, and the serum levels of C3, C4 and IL-4 were increased (P<0.05), while serum IgA, IgG, TNF-α and IL-2 levels were decreased in FA groups as compared with model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Forsythiaside A effectively attenuates the colonic lesions in rats with ulcerative colitis, and its mechanism may be related to reinforcement of oxygen free radical scavenging power, alleviation of inflammatory response, and enhancement of immune function.     

一氧化碳(CO)在植物体内的生理生化作用研究进展

为了促进一氧化碳(CO)在植物生理生化方面的研究,本文归纳了CO在植物体中的生物合成途径,CO作为信号分子对植物各种生理功能的调控,以及CO与其他信号分子之间的相互作用。经过分析得出,CO在植物生物胁迫过程中的作用及其作用机制方面的研究还很少,因此,CO在这方面的研究将会成为今后的研究重点。     

不同地表覆盖方式对胡杨幼苗光合特性的影响及评价

为筛选对胡杨幼苗生长有效的地表覆盖物。以1年生胡杨幼苗为试材,设置覆膜(T1)、覆草苫子(T2)、覆沙(T3)和裸地(CK)共4种处理,利用相关性分析和隶属函数值法全面评价3种地表覆盖物对植株产生的效果。结果表明:T1、T2、T3处理均显著提高了不同月份的土壤含水率(P<0.05),平均土壤含水率较CK分别提高了26.1%、27.9%和23.5%;各覆盖均显著提高了成活率、株高及地径的生长,T2增长幅度最大;各覆盖均显著提高了叶片净光合速率(P n)、气孔导度(G s)、蒸腾速率(T r)(P<0.05),生长初期T1值最大,生长中后期T2值最大;T2处理的最大净光合速率(P max)、光饱和点(L SP)最大,光补偿点(L CP)和暗呼吸速率(R d)最低;各覆盖对水分利用效率(W UE)和表观量子效率(A QY)影响较小;植株生长与土壤含水率、P n、G s、P max、L SP呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),综合效果由强到弱顺序为T2、T3、T1、CK。覆草苫子较适宜在胡杨幼苗栽植过程中应用推广。     

基于用户参与的科研院所机构知识库建设模式研究

文章以用户参与为理论基础,以融入科研管理为实践目标,创新性地提出一种适合科研院所的机构知识库建设模式,并以江苏省农业科学院为例进行了实证研究,该模式兼具传统机构知识库功能,又能体现科研机构特色、解决科研机构成果管理问题.在此基础上,还分析明确了适用于科研院所成果管理和共享的数据审核流程、元数据标准规范、功能模块、系统架构、管理运行机制等.     

主要农作物 lncRNA 鉴定与分析研究进展

随着基因组和生物信息学技术的进步,特别是高通量测序技术的发展,人们发现了许多没有蛋白质编码潜力的转录单位。其中,长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)是一种长度大于200 nt的非编码RNA,有着独特的二级结构且不编码蛋白质,lncRNAs可以在核内发挥作用,也可以在细胞质中发挥作用。大量的证据表明,lncRNAs几乎是每个细胞过程的调节器,其重要性引起了越来越多的人关注。lncRNAs主要与mRNA、DNA、蛋白质和miRNA相互作用,从而以多种方式在表观遗传、转录、转录后、翻译和翻译后水平调控基因表达。lncRNAs介导的调控在动物中已经被大量研究,而植物中的lncRNAs研究才刚刚起步,近期许多新的研究结果表明,lncRNAs在植物逆境胁迫、生长发育及系统进化的过程中起了非常重要的作用。概述了lncRNAs的来源、分类及lncRNAs在植物发育中的调控机制,列举了可用于植物lncRNAs分析的主要数据库资源,并就近年来玉米、水稻、小麦等主要农作物lncRNAs研究情况进行了梳理和总结,为今后深入挖掘植物lncRNAs的作用机制及其在农作物中的应用提供一定的参考。     

不同钙磷配比及浓度对多花黑麦草生长特性的影响

为揭示多花黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum Lamk）对不同钙磷环境的适应机制,设置3个不同钙磷比（1∶1、2∶1、5∶1）,每个钙磷比下设置两种钙磷浓度,以不添加钙和磷的营养液处理为对照,探讨不同钙磷水平下多花黑麦草形态和生理指标的变化;并利用隶属函数综合评价法来筛选适宜多花黑麦草生长的钙磷配比及浓度。结果表明：①Ca/P比为1∶1时,随Ca2+、P浓度的增加,株高、叶宽、光合色素和脯氨酸（proline, Pro）含量均呈下降趋势,丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）活性呈升高趋势;②Ca/P比为2∶1时,随Ca2+、P的增加,株高、叶宽存在一定的下降,叶绿素含量、MDA含量和SOD活性差异不显著,类胡萝卜素和Pro含量升高;③Ca/P比为5∶1时,随Ca2+、P浓度的增加,株高、叶宽、光合色素含量升高,MDA含量下降,Pro含量和SOD活性变化不明显;④P浓度相同时,随着Ca2+浓度的增加,叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和SOD活性呈降低趋势;⑤通过隶属函数综合评价,多花黑麦草适宜生长的Ca、P浓度分别为50和10 mg·kg-1。以上结果为多花黑麦草的栽培种植和钙磷响应机理研究提供理论依据。     

丹江口水源涵养区退耕还草土壤线虫群落变化特征

为评估丹江口水源涵养区退耕还草的土壤生态效应,2017年9月,选取3块同一土壤类型、退耕3年的紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）草地作为退耕还草的代表样地,以相邻未退耕的玉米（Zea Mays）田为对照,比较分析退耕还草土壤线虫群落的变化特征。结果表明：退耕还草样地0~10 cm土层含水量显著提高15.86%（P<0.05）,pH值显著降低5.06%（P<0.05）;10~20 cm土层pH值显著降低4.57%（P<0.05）,有效磷含量显著降低26.83%（P<0.05）。退耕种植紫花苜蓿草地共鉴定出土壤线虫18 307条,49个属,未退耕玉米田共鉴定出土壤线虫10 706条,45个属,退耕还草后土壤线虫c-p类群由短世代型向长世代型转移,土壤环境受到扰动降低,土壤线虫群落的多样性和稳定性增加,结构指数（SI）和富集指数（EI）表明退耕还草提高了土壤健康程度,同时降低了土壤所受的干扰程度。土壤线虫数量与土壤pH值、含水量、全氮和硝态氮含量呈极显著相关（P<0.01）;食细菌线虫和食真菌线虫相对丰度与土壤有效磷含量呈极显著相关（P<0.01）,植物寄生性线虫和捕/杂食线虫相对丰度与有机碳和铵态氮含量呈极显著相关（P<0.01）,与全氮含量呈显著相关（P<0.05）。研究表明,退耕还草改变了土壤pH值及全氮、有效磷养分含量,改变了土壤线虫群落结构和多样性,提升了土壤健康水平。     

The Construction Strategy of Small Towns Based on Ecological Concept

Based on the perspective of ecological concept,this study first interpreted the background of ecological civilization construction,and combed the relationship between ecological concept and small town planning.Second,it expounded the ecological problems of natural resources,economic development,landscape system,social humanities and other aspects in the construction of contemporary small towns.According to the study,the construction of small towns based on the ecological concept should establish the concept of "ecology first",practice "multiple compliance",coordinate the relationship with other planning,make reasonable planning and design in the aspects of town scale,functional orientation,structural form,road traffic,landscape style and features,humanistic characteristics,and strengthen the implementation,supervision and management of planning.Finally,summary and outlook was made,hoping that the study will be of reference value and guidance to the planning and construction of small towns.     

Argonaute蛋白在植物逆境胁迫响应中的功能

Argonaute(AGO)蛋白是生物体中普遍存在的一类相对分子质量较大(约105)、成员数量众多的蛋白,该家族在不同物种中高度保守,由可变N端、PAZ、MID和PIWI等结构域组成.AGOs通过与不同的sRNA形成复合体参与植物生长发育、形态建成、细胞增殖凋亡、病毒防御、逆境响应等多种生物过程.综述了植物AGO家族的...