一种新型光自养微繁体系的建立--植物非试管快繁技术

针对当前用于生产的各种育苗技术尤其是较为先进的组织培养技术存在的种种不足,详细论述了以植物全息性为理论基础,以现代的计算机环境控制技术、物理技术和生物技术为手段,在开放式环境下为植物离体材料的发育提供最佳内、外环境的新型光自养微繁体系植物非试管快繁技术的构建。     

数量性状两个候选基因检测效率分析

文章采用Monte Carlo模拟方法分析了各种因素对两对数量性状检测效率的影响。采用回归分析法估计候选基因检测分析统计模型的参数;考虑了群体大小(个体数)、候选基因遗传贡献率和基因频率等3个因素。模拟试验结果表明,个体数对检测效率的影响不如遗传贡献率显著;检测高遗传贡献率的候选基因要比低遗传贡献率需要的群体小;基因频率对候选基因的检测效率几乎没有影响。     

On scientists’ discomfort in fisheries advisory science: the example of simulation‐based fisheries management‐strategy evaluations

Scientists feel discomfort when they are asked to create certainty, where none exists, for use as an alibi in policy‐making. Recently, the scientific literature has drawn attention to some pitfalls of simulation‐based fisheries management‐strategy evaluation (MSE). For example, while estimates concerning central tendencies of distributions of simulation outcomes are usually fairly robust because they are conditioned on ample data, estimates concerning the tails of distributions (such as the probability of falling below a critical biomass) are usually conditional on few data and thus often rely on assumptions that have no strong knowledge base. The clients of scientific advice, such as the European Commission, are embracing the mechanization of the evaluation of proposed Harvest Control Rules against the precautionary principle and management objectives. Where the fisheries management institutions aim for simple answers from the scientists, giving ‘green/red light’ to a proposed management strategy, the scientists are forced into a split position between satisfying the demands of their advisory role and living up to the standards of scientific rigour. We argue against the mechanization of scientific advice that aims to incorporate all relevant processes into one big model algorithm that, after construction, can be run without circumspection. We rather encourage that fisheries advice should be a dynamic process of expert judgement, incorporating separate parallel concurrent, lines of scientific evidence, from quantitative and qualitative modelling exercises and factual knowledge of the biology and the fishery dynamics. This process can be formalized to a certain degree and can easily accommodate stakeholder viewpoints.     

自然条件下番茄成熟度机器人判别模型

针对机器人采摘番茄因用途不同而进行选择性收获的问题,对人工选择的番茄图像样本集进行特征分析,从番茄的摄像机透视几何出发,提出将番茄表面红色调所占着色面积比与其他色调所占着色面积比的差值作为描述番茄成熟程度的主要分组特征。利用该特征并结合番茄着色区域整体色调均值和方差,用BP神经网络建立番茄成熟度的判别模型。通过模型测试和噪声水平测试表明,将着色面积比差值和色调均值作为模型的两个输入时,模型的准确判别率和抗干扰能力都是最佳的。模型测试的准确判别率为97.5%,当噪声水平在0.05以下时准确判别率可达到95.26%以上,可以为番茄自动收获作业提供一定的理论参考依据。     

关于高职高专计算机教学的探讨

我国高职高专教育的指导思想是将社会用人标准融入教学内容，以服务为宗旨，以就业为导向，走产学研结合的道路。人才培养应满足企业在生产、建设、管理、服务等方面对高等技术应用型专门人才的需求。面对职业教育的培养特色，应将行业企业对员工的标准及企业实际工作内容作为人才培养的标准，融入教学计划当中，让学生在校期间就可以体会企业工作的实际内容，提前进入社会工作状态。与此同时，行业、企业及学校应共同合作，研究并确定教学大纲、人才定位、培养方案及质量考核体系，让用人单位和行业专家参与到学院人才培养及课程建设过程中，以形成产学研深度结合、校企互动的教育教学体系。     

不同下锯法锯解的分析评价

本文就制材生产中通常使用的三种下锯法,采用计算机进行模拟锯解,然后进行分析评价,找出三种下锯法对主产锯材宽度、原木出材率和经济效果的影响。为合理利用原木、选择适当的下锯法,提供了理论依据。     

木废料能源木材干燥窑微机控制系统

介绍如何利用计算机控制木材干燥过程，主要叙述系统的功能和组成、应用软件的开发和系统的使用效果。该系统已成功地在国家“八五”攻关项目“木废料能源联合干燥技术研究”中实施，运行一年多来获得明显经济效益和社会效益。     

计算机引种决策支持系统的建立及其应用Ⅰ—引种区划

建立计算机引种决策支持系统的目的是利用先进的信息处理手段为引种决策提供科学依据,以避免盲目决策造成的失误,达到科学预测的目的。根据生物气候相似的原理,通过对外来树种的现实气候生态位与引种地区气候条件的对比,为其选择具有引种意义的地区是系统的功能之一。系统采用多元样条函数插值和离散空间曲面拟合的方法表示所研究地区连续的气候空间分布,借助模糊数学模型判别地点对外来树种的适合程度,并以彩色图形加以直观地描述,由计算机完成引种区划的模拟决策过程。它既可用于为外来树种选择试验地区,也可根据试验信息反馈修正区划和对树种的潜在生态位加以研究。作为实例,本文应用系统对银荆的引种区划进行了研究。     

现代装备技术创新与现代农业建设

通过介绍湖南省沅江市现代农业信息服务体系建设的做法与进展,分析了依靠现代装备技术创新,发展现代农业,是建设社会主义新农村的切入点,是构建和谐社会的重要内容,提出了进一步加强"三电合一"农业信息服务体系建设的思路。     

A new data base computer package for plant breeders

Summary A computer data base package, specifically designed to be used to store data collected from a plant breeding programme is described. The package will do many of the routine clerical operations involved in plant breeding, such as producing plot labels, field plans, genotype lists and data tabulations. It also has several statistical analysis routines, and routines which allow the user to examine and manipulate data. The package is user friendly since it was designed to be operated by plant breeders rather than computing specialists. Although it was written to handle data collected from a plant breeding programme, the package is flexible and could be used for a number of different applications.