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141.
村社林业活动与自然保护区森林资源管理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
村社林业是指在一个具体的村社或农村生态系统内 ,以农户为主题 ,旨在解决农户自身生存和发展所需的林业活动 ,是林业发展的重要组成部分。高黎贡山东坡百花岭村农户在社区与保护方面做了有益的尝试 ,多形式、多内容的林业经营管理活动促进了社区林业的发展与自然保护区森林资源和生物多样性保护 ,为周围村社提供了有益的经验。文中以高黎贡山东坡百花岭村所开展的各项村社林业活动为例 ,叙述了农村社区林业活动的公众参与对高黎贡山森林资源的有效管理与周围农村经济持续发展的作用和意义 相似文献
142.
143.
The ecological effects of planting exotic Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in Central Europe are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to answer the question of whether Douglas-fir affects tree specific arthropod communities in different mature forest types (Douglas-fir, spruce and beech dominated) in Southern Germany. Therefore, arthropod communities of stem and tree crown strata of Douglas-fir and spruce (Picea abies L.) were sampled in the years 1999–2001 using arboreal photo-eclectors and flight interception traps. Statistical analysis was conducted for all species and focused on conifer specialists at three levels: (1) species diversity, (2) guild structure and (3) community structure. Within the stem stratum, species diversity was significantly higher on spruce than on Douglas-fir independent of year and stand composition. This could not be explained by a single feeding guild, rather by species changing strata during the vegetation period. In contrast, species diversity in tree crowns was approximately the same for both conifer species. However, communities in Douglas-fir crowns were conspicuously different from those in spruce crowns, especially in the Douglas-fir dominated stand type. While zoophagous insects exhibited higher activity on Douglas-fir in 2000, xylophagous beetles were more abundant on spruce in 2001. In European beech stands with widely spaced Douglas-fir trees, the site specific and broad-leaved tree related fauna might be maintained. In addition, Douglas-fir with its resource of Adelges cooleyi and crowns that overtop the broad-leaved tree canopy, offer additional resources for several aphidophagous and thermophile species. 相似文献
144.
145.
WUGang WANGHong-chang FUHai-wei ZHAOJing-zhu YANGYe-qin 《林业研究》2004,15(3):197-202
Guizhou golden monkey (Phinopithecus roxellanae brelichi) is a peculiar, rare and endangered species. It is distributed most narrowly and requires a rigorous habitat. In this study the habitats of Guizhou Golden Monkey were divided into three habitats: most suitable habitats, suitable habitats and marginally suitable habitats. The characteristics of the vegetation community, environmental factors and extreme environmental factors in the three habitats were systematically analyzed. The seasonal activity rule, activity area and the food characteristic of Guizhou golden monkey were also study at the same time. The results indicate that the evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest is the optimal living vegetation community for Guizhoug olden Monkey, and the suitable annual temperature is 8-15℃, the extremely lowest temperature is -2.5℃, the extremely highest temperature is 25℃, and the optimal living altitude is 1500-1700 m. In the same area, the higher the vegetation diversitythe more suitable it is for the life of Guizhou golden monkey. Temperature and food are the main habitat factors in determining the activity scope of the guizhou golden monkey community. The Altitude, temperature and the characteristics of the vegetation community are the main limitina factors for habitat selection. 相似文献
146.
Kouichi Ichihara Tosimi Tanaka Isao Sawaguchi Shuji Umeda Katsumi Toyokawa 《Journal of Forest Research》1996,1(1):45-49
This study examines a method for designing an optimum profile of a forest road in a short matter of time. In this method,
a genetic algorithm (GA) searches for points where the gradient changes and dynamic programing (DP) designs the longitudinal
slope. This method can be applied to the ground heights of an actual forest road. The evaluation function of the DP assesses
the total expenditure. The inverse of this function is the fitness function. Crossover and mutation are operators of an evolution
simulation of a GA. They are each repeated 20 times and 420 profiles are designed and assessed, all within about 10 min. A
comparison of the profile designed by the GA with that of an actual forest road shows only one section where the formation
level differed substantially. Overall, both profiles seem to show a high degree of correspondence. From this result, we believe
that the profile designed by the GA is best, or the one of the best. A conventional method takes about 65 h to calculate all
changing points of gradients. However, by using the GA, the calculation time was reduced to about 1/389 that of the coventional
method, showing that the method which uses the GA through the profile design is very useful. 相似文献
147.
This article analyzes the relationship between forest resources, refugees, and the host population. The findings of the research
suggest that the host population are heavily dependent on the local forest for their daily needs such as fuelwood, timber,
grazing area, fodder for domestic animals, foods, and medicine in addition to cultural and esthetic needs. The forest has
also been relied upon for agricultural needs such as manufacture of agricultural tools, maintenance of irrigation water systems,
erosion control, and fertilizer needs. The forest was under a sustained demand as any other Terai forest of Nepal. After the
arrival of refugees in 1992, the demand for forest resources increased substantially. Initially, the construction of the refugee
camps decreased the total forest area and also required some felling of trees. More significantly, the refugees themselves
became active users of the forest resource, which generated extra pressure on the forest and created scarcity of forest resources.
Before the arrival of the refugees, forest management and monitoring of illegal use of the forest resources were carried out
by the government through its local forester office. The local residents were active users of the forest resources, but were
passive in managing and maintaining the forest resource. However, competition from the refugees instilled a desire in the
local population to safeguard and protect the dwindling resource against the external threat by creating the Humse Dumse Community
Forest. 相似文献
148.
Altitudinal gradient incorporates multiple resource gradients, which vary continuously in different fashions. It is important
to study the mountain floristic patterns along altitudinal gradients, which reveal the regular pattern of the flora along
the environmental gradients, the changing trend of biodiversity patterns along the altitudinal gradient, and relevance of
biological fitness. To explore the compositional characteristics and ecological significance of floristic patterns along altitudinal
gradient in China National Nature Reserve of Dawei Mountain in the southeast of Yunnan Province, field investigations have
been made to the flora along the two routes of the southwest slope and the northeast slope of the said reserve, including
a vertical vegetation transect. Meanwhile, further investigations have also been made to the flora of Dawei Mountain, which
has been accounted for in the literature, as Flora Yunnan, The Seed Plant in Yunnan, and so on. The structural characteristics of the flora and the altitudinal distribution pattern of its floristic components
were analyzed. By applying systematic cluster analysis, the altitudinal position of the dividing line of floristic changes
along altitudinal gradient was detected, and the effects of the montane climate on the vertical variation of floristic composition
were studied. Conclusions were put forward. This paper can be summarized as follows: (1) The obvious boundary that differentiates
tropical floristic elements is located at the altitude of approximately 1,500 m; it is reasonable to stipulate the boundary
line between tropical rain forests and the evergreen broad-leaved forests. (2) The vertical vegetation spectrum made by cluster
analysis shows that humid rain forests are below 700 m a.s.l, montane rain forests are between 700 and 1,500 m, monsoon evergreen
broad-leaved forests are between 1,300 and 1,800 m, and montane mossy evergreen broad-leaved forests are above 1,800 m a.s.l.
Nonrepresentative montane mossy dwarf forests (above 2,100 m) in the area are distributed in windward sides and in barren
land on the mountain slopes.
__________
Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(6): 894–900 [译自: 植物生态学报] 相似文献
149.
Shang Deku 《林业研究》1990,1(1):79-85
An analogy between water flux and the field of temperature gradient in a column of wood fuel chips was discovered by these
experiments. The heat—mass transfer coefficient was determined by least squares method. An equation relating water flux and
temperature gradient was developed and it was demonstrated that the temperature gradient was the main driving force for water
transport. The mechanism was evaporation—condensation of water vapor through natural convection in air phase. The study gives
a theoretical explanation for analyzing the problem of water transport in wood particle material. 相似文献
150.
适宜的生境是珍稀濒危生物生存的决定性条件,对珍稀濒危生物生境的系统研究是生物多样性保护的前提。金丝猴是中国特有并且珍稀的濒危物种,黔金丝猴又是三种金丝猴中分布最为狭窄、对生境要求最为苛刻的一种。本文从黔金丝猴的最佳适宜生境、适宜生境和较适宜生境三个生境选择方面对生境内植物群落特征、环境因子、极端环境因子等进行了系统分析,对黔金丝猴的季节活动规律、活动区域和食物特点进行了系统的研究。结果表明常绿针阔混交林是黔金丝猴的最佳生存的植被群落,其最适宜的年均温度为8~15C,极端最低温度为-2.5C,极端最高温度为25C,最适宜生存的海拔高度为1500~1700m。在同一区域,植物多样性越多,越适宜黔金丝猴的生存。温度和食物是决定黔金丝猴种群活动范围大小的主要生境因子,海拔高度、植被群落特征、温度是黔金丝猴对生境选择的主要限制因子。图3表3参16。 相似文献