莜麦在河南省的首次引种试验

选用来自内蒙古莜麦品种,在河南进行了首次引种栽培.研究表明:该牧草能很好适应河南的气候及土壤条件,鲜草产量达65000kg/hm~2,籽粒产量达48000kg/hm~2,秸杆产量30000kg/hm~2,这三项产量均高于原产地,而且其营养价值、生物学特性良好,可望在我省得到推广和利用.     

辐照花粉对小麦×黑麦杂交结实率及杂种胚胎发育的影响

为了探讨核辐射对小麦异源遗传物质转移的作用和机理,以普通小麦中国春、J-11为母本,分别用5、9、15、30、50、100 G y的γ射线辐照黑麦AR 202散粉期穗子,并将其花粉授予普通小麦J-11和中国春,研究了不同剂量γ射线辐照黑麦花粉对杂交结实率及杂种幼胚、胚乳发育的影响。结果表明,低剂量(5~9 G y)γ射线下结实率略有提高;15~100 G y剂量时结实率随剂量增加逐渐下降。各种处理剂量的辐射对杂种幼胚和胚乳发育均有伤害作用,杂交种子含胚率、杂种幼胚成苗率随剂量增加而下降。对于J-11/AR 202组合而言,对照杂种含胚率100%,剂量5~9 G y处理时,降至96.5%~90.2%,剂量15~100 G y时,为84.3%~69.7%;对照幼胚培养成苗率93.3%,5~100 G y处理时,为90.0%~24.6%。在50~100 G y高剂量处理中国春×AR 202中,利用幼胚培养技术有5.9%~8.8%幼胚获发育成完整植株,这是常规靠种子繁殖难以获得的。说明将花粉辐照技术与幼胚拯救、花药培养技术有效结合,可能是快速获得突变体,提高诱变育种效率的有效途径。     

Nutritive value evaluated on rats of new cultivars of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) released in Chile

Five new cultivars of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) recently released were analyzed for their proximate chemical composition and protein biological quality. The crude protein content in these cultivars ranged from 21.9 percent in cultivar Arroz 3 to 26.9 percent in cultivar Tórtola Diana (dry matter basis). Rats fed cultivar Tórtola INIA gained more weight, had a higher protein intake and registered higher PER and NPR than Tórtola corriente. On the other hand, rats consuming cultivars Arroz 3 and Fleetwood had lower weight gain, lower protein intake and lower PER and NPR than cultivar Coscorrón corriente. However, all these cultivars have a relatively good protein value as compared to other plant protein sources.     

Mechanical properties of outer layers from near-isogenic lines of common wheat differing in hardness

The mechanical properties of the combined outer layers from near-isogenic wheats differing by hardness were determined. Results from traction tests showed significant differences between the isogenic lines, outer layers from grains of the soft type showing higher extensibility. Determination of the mechanical properties of the corresponding component tissues revealed significant differences between the isolated tissues from soft or hard wheat grains. It also allowed analysis of their respective contribution to the properties of the combined peripheral tissues using a simulation of their rupture as unseparated tissues. According to the results, if the component layers displayed similar maximum lineic force to rupture, the rupture of combined outer layers occurs when the least extensible individual tissue breaks. The major cell wall biochemical components of the combined outer layers and of their component tissues were analysed. The phenolic acid composition of soft wheat pericarp contained more ferulic acid in either monomeric or polymeric forms than the pericarp from hard wheat. Arabinoxylans in walls of the soft wheat pericarp appeared 1.6 times more cross-linked by ferulic acid dehydrodimers than walls of hard wheat. These differences in arabinoxylan cross-linking may explain the observed differences in pericarp mechanical properties.     

玉米瘤黑粉病抗性鉴定技术研究

比较了不同接种方法、接种时期、接种量及接种液预处理方法对大田玉米瘤黑粉病发病率的影响,结果表明:大田玉米瘤黑粉病的最佳接种时期为6叶1心期,最佳接种方法为孢子液注射法和菌沙法,注射法最适宜接种孢子浓度为7～8×103个/mL,孢子液预处理能明显提高接种效果。     

笼养灰鹤繁殖期行为时间分配的研究

2006年5月1日～7月18日,对哈尔滨北方森林动物园1对笼养灰鹤繁殖期行为进行观察,研究表明：笼养条件下,灰鹤静立（雄31．08％,雌35．81％）、理羽（雄19．81％,雌12．45％）、采食（雄13．23％,雌15．09％）行为比例较高,而繁殖行为占总行为时间比例雄鹤为2．49％、雌鹤为10．30％。灰鹤各行为日节律不明显;静立、理羽、休息和繁殖行为的发生受天气状况影响显著,尤其是静立和理羽差异极显著。灰鹤雌雄行为差异性在中期较显著,就整个繁殖期看,受天气状况的影响行为差异不显著。     

外源精胺脉冲负压渗透处理对采后菜豆品质的影响

通过不同浓度外源精胺脉冲负压渗透处理的方法,研究了外源精胺在保持菜豆贮藏品质方面的作用.结果表明:在温度(20±2)℃,相对湿度80％～85％贮藏条件下,经不同浓度(0、0.02、0.2、0.5、1.0 mmol/L)的外源精胺真空渗透处理后的菜豆,其贮藏品质均得到不同程度的保持.外源精胺不同处理可有效延缓菜豆腐烂和锈斑的发生,而且可以抑制菜豆失重率和豆荚切割力的增加,并使菜豆豆荚的可溶性固形物以及菜豆豆粒硬度和可溶性蛋白含量得以保持.不同浓度外源精胺处理效果比较表明,0.5 mmol/L精胺处理保持菜豆贮藏品质的效果最好,贮藏至第8天菜豆腐烂指数和锈斑指数分别比对照低68％和23％.     

Strain-specific vital rates in four Acartia tonsa cultures, I: Strain origin, genetic differentiation and egg survivorship

Successful development of planktonic copepods for use as live feed in marine aquaculture relies on optimization of environmental conditions for population growth and egg storage. This study examined strain-specific differences in egg survivorship during cold-storage-induced quiescence in four cultures of the widespread marine calanoid Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849. Experimental cultures were obtained from Øresund, Denmark (DIFRES), Kiel, Germany (KIEL), Turkey Point, Florida, USA (FL), and Mobile Bay, Alabama, USA (AL), and were shown to derive from three highly distinct mitochondrial clades. Eggs from Gulf of Mexico strains had low tolerance for cold storage, and showed very low hatching success after 10 days. In contrast, Baltic Sea strains produced eggs able to tolerate up to 150 days of cold storage, with the DIFRES strain showing the highest egg survivorship during the experiment. Eggs from the Kiel strain showed an increase in hatching over time, indicating the presence of dormant eggs. Parental rearing temperature was also found to affect egg survivorship during quiescence in the DIFRES strain, with lower hatching success observed among eggs produced at 25 °C than at 17 °C. The DIFRES strain is recommended as the optimal strain for use in aquaculture, and conditions for cold storage of eggs are discussed.     

鲤野生和养殖群体遗传多样性分析中的微卫星(SSLP)分析

采用7个微卫星标记,研究了鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、高寒鲤和荷包红鲤抗寒品系(Cyprinus carpio var.wananensis)三个群体的遗传变异。结果显示,鲤野生群体、高寒鲤、荷包红鲤抗寒品系的平均杂合度分别为0.276、0.147、0.0952,平均无偏倚杂合度期望值为0.431、0.355、0.305。鲤野生群体的杂合度明显高于其他两个养殖品种,说明其较其他两个养殖品种的遗传多样性丰富。     

淡水网箱养鱼能量效益的初步评价

本文分析比较了4种淡水网箱养鱼方式的能量效益。网箱养非鲫的能量转化效率极显著地(P<0.01)大于网箱养鲤成鱼、鲤鱼种,后两者又极显著地(P<0.01)大于网箱培育鲢、鳙鱼种。网箱养非鲫的能量生产力最高,达2.50兆焦/米~2·天,养鲤成鱼、鲤鱼种、鲢鳙鱼种的次之,分别为1.20、0.99及0.31兆焦/米~2·天,为池塘养鱼能量生产力的16～130倍。