小麦各生育期对土壤不同深度标记硝态氮的利用

 在人为控制灌水的条件下，采用将15N标记到不同土壤层次的土柱试验，研究小麦不同生育期对土壤不同深度硝态氮的利用。结果表明，拔节、孕穗、扬花、成熟4个生育时期，小麦对不同深度标记硝态氮的吸收量及利用率均随深度增加而降低，拔节期对10～20、40～50和70～80 cm深度标记硝态氮的利用率分别为15.7%、3.4%和1.2%，孕穗期对3个标记深度硝态氮的利用率分别为30.6%、10.7%和3.9%，扬花期分别为33.1%、13.1%和5.1%，成熟期分别为32.5%、12.4%和4.7%；小麦对10～20 cm深度标记15N的吸收利用在孕穗期基本接近最高值，40～50、70～80 cm中下层标记硝态氮吸收峰值出现较10～20 cm标记处理推迟，至扬花期达最高值；不同层次土壤标记硝态氮的利用率与相应土层的根长密度和根干重呈显著的正相关关系。     

基于虚拟机技术和有限元分析的键合机机械结构与系统动态性能分析

随着半导体制造技术不断向微细化、高速、高密度方向发展,开发高精度、高效率、高可靠性的键合机是对封装设备制造业刻不容缓的要求.而深入认识、分析和改善键合机的机械结构与性能成为广大科研工作者面临的首要任务.利用虚拟机技术软件(ADAMS)建立了某键合机的动力学模型,并通过仿真验证了模型的正确性;利用有限元分析软件(PANTRAN)分析了该键合机中关键部件的物性特性对整机精度的影响,并得出初步的结论.     

夏季填闲作物及秸秆还田对日光温室黄瓜连作土壤养分和微生物的影响

选用已进行4 a温室夏季种植甜玉米、菜豆及其秸秆还田试验的温室黄瓜连作土壤,于2009年继续进行相同的处理,研究了温室夏季填闲作物及秸杆还田对黄瓜连作土壤养分和微生物代谢功能的影响。结果表明,种植甜玉米秸秆还田处理能减小土壤容重,改善土壤通透性。夏季填闲及秸秆还田处理对土壤养分和微生物的影响在秋冬茬表现较明显,能增加土壤中有效磷含量,种植菜豆处理（秸秆还田和不还田）能增加土壤有效钾含量。填闲作物及秸秆还田处理还能提高土壤微生物代谢活性,改变土壤微生物对单一碳源的利用能力。     

钉齿式轴流装置脱粒过程高速摄像分析

以自行研制的钉齿式轴流脱粒与分离装置为研究对象,借助高速摄像设备对脱分空间内稻谷的整体运动过程、断穗的运动和脱粒过程以及自由籽粒的运动过程进行了在线拍摄。通过高速摄像图像慢放分析得出：稻谷进入脱分空间后,错综复杂地交织在一起,在旋转钉齿和导向板的共同作用下,稻谷流沿滚筒轴向螺旋向前涌动。脱分空间内断穗的运动轨迹是抛物线,其运动不平稳,速度容易出现波动。单个自由籽粒在无外界干扰时近似作匀速直线运动,运动方向与滚筒轴线方向呈一定夹角。     

Use of time-activity budgets to measure early progress of a social attraction restoration project

Social attraction is a useful technique for re-establishing or relocating waterbird colonies and other species groups. However, little information exists regarding how newly attending individuals behave when the social environment is influenced predominantly by artificial stimuli. To help assess early progress of colony re-establishment, we compared time-activity budgets of common murres (Uria aalge) at a social attraction site (Devil’s Slide Rock; DSR) in central California with two nearby reference colonies during the first 3 years (1996–1998) of efforts. Murres at all colonies spent over 95% of their time engaged in resting, comfort, courtship, and alert activities during the pre-breeding period and over 88% of their time in similar activities during the breeding period. Although patterns were similar overall, comparisons of pooled and year-specific time budget data revealed significant differences between all three colonies, especially during pre-breeding. Murres at DSR typically engaged in comfort behaviors less frequently and in alert and courtship behaviors more frequently than reference colonies. Differences likely were due to recent re-establishment, including lower bird densities and higher proportions of non-breeders and first-time breeders at DSR, along with other factors such as disturbance. Results indicate that newly attracted birds at DSR behaved “normally” even though the social environment was influenced predominantly by artificial stimuli. Furthermore, re-established breeding in the first year of efforts, subsequent colony growth, and high productivity reflected successful restoration efforts. Thus, time-activity budgets can provide important measures of early progress of social attraction efforts and as such can be used to inform adaptive management decisions.     

Differences in common bean rhizobial populations associated with soil tillage management in southern Brazil

Progressive adoption of no-tillage (NT) agriculture in the tropics is finally reversing physical, chemical, and biological erosion of soil and in Brazil, an estimated 19 Mha are now devoted to NT. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a main component of Brazilian agriculture, and enhancement of yields has been achieved under NT as a result of mitigation of environmental stresses, resulting in higher N₂ fixation. However, the effects of NT on rhizobial diversity are poorly understood. This study evaluated rhizobial diversity in soils planted to common bean under NT or conventional tillage (CT) systems that were compared with natural grassland used for grazing, in the State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Genetic diversity was assessed by the amplification of the DNA by PCR with specific primers (BOX-PCR) and by RFLP-PCR analyses of the 16S rDNA region. A high level of diversity was observed among strains from all three systems, such that the similarity in the clustering analysis of BOX-PCR products ranged from 36% under natural grassland to only 23% for CT strains. High polymorphism was confirmed in the RFLP-PCR analysis; forty-seven different profiles were obtained, none sharing high similarity with the profiles of reference species of common bean rhizobia. These results indicate that other tropical rhizobial species remain to be described. Genetic diversity was higher among the NT than the CT rhizobial strains, especially when the RFLP-PCR profiles were considered. Genetic diversity in the natural grassland was lower than in the cropped systems, possibly due to absence of the host plant and stubble burning in winter. Average yields in the area under NT (e.g. common bean, approximately 1500 kg ha⁻¹) have been about 30% higher than under CT, therefore high rhizobial diversity may be a parameter indicative of superior soil quality.     

麋鹿常见普通病例诊断与治疗

[目的]为麋鹿小种群管理工作中糜鹿普通病的防控提供借鉴.[方法]以江苏大丰麋鹿种群为例,在麋鹿引种扩群、野生麋鹿种群恢复过程中长角血蜱寄生虫病、瘤胃膨胀、营养性衰竭症、食毛症、难产等常见普通病病例进行了总结.[结果]在麋鹿小种群饲养管理过程中加强前期防控,对有效降低和避免麋鹿普通病的发生尤为重要.[结论]该研究对动物园等麋鹿小种群管理起到借鉴作用,也为麋鹿的健康养殖和保护提供基础资料.     

新型内嵌式地线融冰电流计算

针对湖南电网研发的新型内嵌式地线地线新型直流融冰技术,提出地线直流融冰的所涉及的两个重要的参数（临界融冰电流和最大融冰电流）概念和计算方法。基于有限元法,以GJ-70电线为模型,建立3D热-电耦合仿真模型,仿真得出不同气候、温度条件下的临界融冰电流,以及地线正常运行所允许的最大电流,与试验人员得出的实验数据进行对比,进一步验证这种融冰技术的优越性,并为运行人员有效的融冰电流范围提供了参考依据。     

Effect of Seeding Rate on Seed and Hay Yield in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

The effects of six seeding rates (50-300 seeds m^−2:) on some morphological traits with hay and seed yield were evaluated in common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.) under fall and spring sowing conditions. The mutual correlations among yield and yield components were also determined.
The sowing seasons and seeding rates significantly affected hay and seed yield, and most of the yield components. Fall sowings resulted in significantly higher hay and seed yield than spring sowings at all seeding rates, and the highest seed and hay yield was achieved in densities of 250 and 300 seeds m⁻². In spring sowings there was a positive response in hay yield up to 250 seeds m⁻² while no further increase in seed yield at the seeding rates higher than 150 seeds m⁻². Average protein content of hay and seed was found to be higher in spring sown crops than fall. The highest protein yields of hay and seed were obtained at 250 seeds m⁻² in fall sowings, and 150 seeds m⁻² in spring sowings.
Most of the correlations between both hay and seed yields with the yield components were not consistent and differed with the sowing time. Only the correlations between number of the plants per unit area with hay yield, and number of the pods and seeds per unit area with seed yield were statistically significant in both sowing seasons. Close positive associations were obtained between hay and seed yield.     

新型全防护拉索在管道跨越中的应用

介绍了新型全防护拉索在管道跨越中的应用，以往管道跨越采用不同规格钢丝绳作为承重索，抗风索，但由于钢丝绳本身的结构特点，给管道跨越设计施工带来了很多困难，苏州华能热网工程首次采用高强钢丝新型全防护拉索作为管道跨越的承重索及抗风索，效果很好，就这种新型全防护拉索的帛作技术及其特点进行了详细描述。