几种化感物质对大巢菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

试验研究了酚酸类化感物质(阿魏酸、香草酸、丁香酸和对羟基苯甲酸)对麦田杂草大巢菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:阿魏酸、香草酸、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸能够延缓大巢菜种子的萌发,抑制大巢菜种子的萌发率、出苗率以及幼苗的生长,并且随着浓度的增加抑制作用加强;四种酚酸类化感物质的抑制效果表现为香草酸>丁香酸>对羟基苯甲酸>阿魏酸。     

矮牵牛Tidal Wave品种遗传转化受体再生体系的建立

以矮牵牛Tidal Wave品种无菌苗叶片为外植体,在附加不同质量浓度激素的MS基本培养基上诱导培养,通过器官发生途径获得再生植株。在附加3.0mg/LBA、0.3mg/LNAA的培养基上获得了90%以上芽的再生率。再生芽在附加0.02mg/LNAA、1.0mg/LKT、5.0mg/LGA3的培养基上发育良好。在3种选择抗生素的筛选中发现,叶片对潮霉素和庆大霉素较为敏感,这2种抗生素质量浓度为5mg/L时,2周内可将外植体全部杀死;而卡那霉素质量浓度达到15mg/L时,芽分化才被完全抑制。因此可确定卡那霉素为理想的选择抗生素,其选择压质量浓度为15mg/L。2种抑菌抗生素中,头孢霉素对叶片再生影响较大;而250mg/L的羧苄青霉素能有效地抑制农杆菌菌株LBA4404的生长,却对矮牵牛叶片的芽分化影响不大,为适宜的抑菌抗生素。     

甘蓝型杂交油菜农艺性状分析及育种主攻目标确定

通过对甘蓝型杂交油菜各性状的相关分析 ,比较杂交油菜与常规油菜各性状差异 ,确定了杂交油菜育种主攻目标     

粒用菜豆种质资源芽期抗旱性研究

对６１５份粒用菜豆资源采用蔗糖高渗溶液鉴定法，筛选出高度抗旱优异资源１４份，对不同省（区）资源的抗旱性分布及优异资源的生物学性状进行了论述，阐明了抗旱性与生态环境及性状间的关系。     

Distribution of Grain Hardness in Chinese Wheats and Genetic Analysis

A hundred winter wheat and 41 spring wheat cultivars and advanced lines were used to investigate the distribution of grain hardness in Chinese wheats and correlations between grain hardness and other kernel traits. P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 from three crosses, i. e. , Liken2/Yumai2, 85Zhong33/Wenmai6 and 85Zhong33/95Zhong459 were sown to study the genetics of grain hardness. Significant correlation was observed between hardness measured by Single Kernel Characteristic System 4100 (SKCS 4100) and Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy, r ranging from 0. 85 to 0.94. Chinese wheat is a mixed population in terms of hardness, ranging from very soft to very hard. For autumn-sown wheat, on average, grain hardness decreases from north to south and spring-sown wheat is dominant with hard type. Hardness is negatively associated with flour color, and its associations with flour yield and ash content differ in winter and spring wheats. Grain hardness is controlled by a major gene and several minor genes with additive effect mostly, but dominant effect is also observed, with heritability of 0.78.     

蔺草若干生物学特性及高产栽培技术研究

蔺草是典型的水田作物,具有完整的通气组织,但幼根与根茎主要靠辐射状排列的皮层薄壁细胞间隙通气。蔺草分蘖发生符合F_n=F_(n-1)+F_(n-3)的规律。花器官分化开始于开花前2～3个月,可分为花序原基出现、花序原基分化、小花原基分化与雌雄蕊原基分化四个时期。蔺草在全国约有十万亩面积,各种植地区均有相应的栽培技术体系。几年来我们总结形成了一套符合本市若干地区的蔺草栽培技术,在协作基点运用过程中取得了明显的增产效果。     

草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙和尼罗非鲫脂肪酶活性的比较研究

草鱼和鲤肝胰脏脂肪酶活性明显比肠道的高(P<0.025);鲢和鳙肝胰脏脂肪酶活性明显低于肠道的(P<0.025);尼罗非鲫肝胰脏和肠的脂肪酶活性几乎相等(P>0.05),而胃脂肪酶活性明显比肝胰脏和肠道的低(P<0.005)。五种鱼的肝胰脏脂肪酶活性由高到低的顺序为:草鱼>尼罗非鲫>鲤>鳙>鲢;肠脂肪酶活性由高到低的顺序为:鲢>鳙>尼罗非鲫>草鱼>鲤。结果表明:鱼类的食性与脂肪酶活性无明显相关。草鱼、鲢和鳙的肠脂肪酶活性,中肠略高于前肠和后肠;尼罗非鲫和鲤的肠脂肪酶活性由前往后逐渐下降。     

Gender and property rights in the commons: Examples of water rights in South Asia

In many countries and resource sectors, the state is devolving responsibility for natural resource management responsibility to ``communities' or local user groups. However, both policymakers and researchers in this area have tended to ignore the implications of gender and other forms of intra-community power differences for the effectiveness and equity of natural resource management. In the irrigation sector, despite the rhetoric on women's participation, a review of evidence from South Asia shows that organizations often exclude women through formal or informal membership rules and practices. Women may have other ways to obtain irrigation services, but even if they are effective, these other informal ways of obtaining irrigation services are typically less secure. As resource management – and rights to resources – are transferred from the state to local organizations, ensuring women's participation is essential for gender equity in control over resources. Greater involvement of women can also strengthen the effectiveness of local organizations by improving women's compliance with rules and maintenance contributions. Further detailed and comparative research is required to identify the major factors that affect women's participation and control over resources, if devolution policies are to be both equitable and sustainable. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

热聚乙烯钢丝索在管道跨越工程中的应用

针对忠武输气管道跨越工程跨度大、管径大、荷载大的特点，对跨越主索的选择进行了分析和比较，比较结果表明，热聚乙烯钢丝索在弹性模量、防腐性能、施工工艺和工程投资等方面具有明显优势，适于忠武输气管道跨越作用，介绍了这种钢丝索在马水河、蚂蝗溪、木龙河和大溪沟跨越工程中的设计与应用，认为其应用经验可为其它管道跨越工程提供借鉴。