建筑外部环境空间以小见大的手法探析

解析了建筑外环境空间大小的含义,以及"以小见大"空间设计手法。从静态观察和动态体验过程以及建筑外部环境场的尺度设计3个角度,探讨了建筑外部环境空间如何由"小"来得到美而丰富的空间体验的方法与途径。旨在尊重自然、顺应自然、尊重历史的前提下,精心设计建筑环境景观空间。     

烟叶分级操作技能研究

依据烤烟分级国家标准,针对烟叶分级实际操作过程中的难点,从部位、颜色、级别3个角度进行技能、技术、技巧性分析,从而提出了烟叶识别难度图、烟叶生长等级位置图,旨在提高分级人员的技术水平。     

Effects of UV-C treatment on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, microbial loads, and quality of button mushrooms

This study investigated the effects of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light applied to both sides of mushrooms on microbial loads and product quality during storage for 21 d at 4 °C. Microflora populations, color, antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and ascorbic acid were measured at 1, 7, 14 and 21 d of storage. Additionally, the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by UV-C was determined. Results showed that UV-C doses of 0.45-3.15 kJ m⁻² resulted in 0.67-1.13 log CFU g⁻¹ reduction of E. coli O157:H7 inoculated on mushroom cap surfaces. UV-C radiation also reduced total aerobic plate counts by 0.63-0.89 log CFU g⁻¹ on the surface of mushrooms. Although mushrooms treated with UV-C had more severe browning with increasing dosage after initial treatment, the control mushrooms also browned as indicted by lower L* and higher a* values after 21 d of storage at 4 °C. In addition, the UV-C treatments apparently inhibited lesion development on the mushroom surface. During the first 7 d, irradiated mushrooms had lower antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and ascorbic acid content compared to non-radiated samples. However, irradiated mushrooms reached similar amounts of these nutrients as the control after 14 d of storage at 4 °C. In summary, UV-C radiation could potentially be used for sanitizing fresh button mushrooms and extending shelf-life.     

热处理对椰子水过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活力及色泽变化的影响

研究热处理对新鲜椰子水过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,简称POD)和多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,简称PPO)相对酶活力和色泽变化影响,探讨椰子水酶活力与其色泽的相关性。结果表明,随着热处理温度升高或时间的延长,椰子水的POD和PPO相对酶活力均随之降低,其中90℃和95℃热处理4 min后,可分别使POD和PPO的活力降低90%以上。随着热处理温度的升高,椰子水的色泽随之加深;椰子水的PPO和POD相对酶活力与色泽加深程度呈负相关关系,且具有一定的显著性。该结果可为后续研究椰子水色变控制技术提供一定的理论基础。     

Doppler ultrasound in equine reproduction: principles, techniques, and potential

Doppler ultrasound is an emerging technology that has the potential to increase the diagnostic, monitoring, and predictive capabilities of equine theriogenologists and researchers. The technology is based on Doppler-shift frequencies, wherein the ultrasound frequency of echoes from moving red cells is increased or decreased as the cells move toward or away from the transducer. In spectral mode, the blood flow in a specific vessel can be assessed by placing a sample-gate cursor on the image of the lumen of the vessel. In addition, an angle cursor can be used to represent the angle of intersection of the ultrasound beams with the direction of blood flow (Doppler angle). The Doppler-shift frequency and the Doppler angle are used by the instrument for computing blood velocity. The focused results from placement of a sample gate in an artery are displayed by a spectrum that represents the changing velocities over time in association with the pulses of cardiac cycles. Peak systolic, end diastolic, and time-averaged maximum velocities are computed and shown for a selected cardiac cycle. Doppler indices (resistance index, RI; pulsatility index, PI) are ratios that are computed from various points on the spectrum. The indices are relatable to the hemodynamics of the tissue supplied by the artery. Increasing RI or PI values indicate increasing resistance and decreasing perfusion of the distal tissues. In color-flow mode, Doppler-shift frequencies are obtained from areas delineated by the operator on the B-mode image and are transformed and expressed as color-coded spots representing areas of blood flow. Vascular perfusion of a structure can be quantitated by the number of colored pixels in an image or can be estimated subjectively by the extent of the colored spots. The Doppler technology has the potential for providing information on the status and future success of a structure. However, realization of the expected potential will depend on future experience and research.     

基于K-means聚类和图像分割的紫色土发生层边界识别

土壤学始于对土壤剖面及其形态特征的观察,剖面发生层的划分与发生层边界特征的描述是土壤调查的基础。实地划分发生层需要丰富的土壤学实践经验,存在主观和缺乏统一划分标准的问题。以紫色土剖面图像为研究对象,采用K-means聚类和图像分割技术,结合图像的颜色特征（CIE Lab色彩空间）和纹理特征（Entropy）识别紫色土剖面发生层边界,并与实地划分的结果进行比较。结果表明：（1）CIE Lab色彩空间的a、b通道和Entropy纹理特征,可以划分出供试剖面的主要发生层（A、B、C）和基岩（R）;（2）聚类识别的发生层数量和发生层深度与实地识别的结果基本一致;除Z2剖面的C层和Z6剖面的Ap层聚类识别与实地识别的发生层下边界深度相差较大（分别为13 cm和8 cm）外,其余发生层下边界深度相差均在3 cm以内;（3）聚类识别的发生层边界形状更为不规则,明显度更为模糊。K-means聚类和图像分割技术实现了紫色土剖面发生层边界的客观识别,可为土壤剖面智能辨识系统的开发提供科学参考。     

甜椒果实颜色遗传研究

 选用甜椒果实不同颜色材料配组杂交, 研究了商品成熟果和生理成熟果果色遗传规律。结果表明, 甜椒商品成熟果和生理成熟果果色的遗传属于质量性状遗传, 分别为不同的核基因控制。商品成熟果绿色对淡黄色是由一对完全显性基因控制, 淡黄色对白色是由两对具有重叠作用的显性基因控制, 绿色对白色有3对基因差异, 绿色基因有显性上位作用, 只需1个绿色基因G的存在, 即可抑制淡黄色与白色性状的表达; 生理成熟果红色对橙黄色是两对具有重叠作用的显性基因控制。     

热激处理及贮藏温度对水蜜桃果实生理生化变化的影响

研究了热空气处理和贮藏温度对水蜜桃硬度，果皮色泽，色素含量，呼吸作用。乙烯释放，脂肪氧合酶（LOX）与过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响。结果表明：40℃热空气处理24小时可保持果实的硬度，抑制果皮中叶绿素的降解，推迟了呼吸高峰的出现，保持了细胞膜的完整性，热处理抑制了乙烯的释放，降低了LOX和POD活性。     

不同透光率纸袋对黄桃果实色泽和品质的影响

以鲜食黄桃金陵黄露为试材,研究不同透光率的纸袋对果实色泽和品质的影响。结果显示,套袋处理增加了金陵黄露果皮的L值和b值,降低了a值,随着透光率的减少,果皮呈现深红、鲜红、黄红相间、黄色。其中1-KW（透光率25%）、1-KK（透光率20%）、1-LP （透光率0）3个套袋处理后果皮的L、a、b值与对照（不套袋）均达到显著性差异水平。套袋处理后降低了金陵黄露果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、总酸和Vc含量,其中1-LP处理后四个指标分别为10.3、9.42、0.45和8.77mg/100g,与对照达到显著性差异。结果表明,黄桃果实色泽与纸袋的透光率紧密相关,为定向生产不同色泽的黄桃提供了思路,同时建议果实套袋后相关加强肥水管理和进行采前除袋。     

Colorimetry of wood specimens from French Guiana

The color of 97 species of wood specimens from French Guiana was measured on their radial and tangential surfaces with a colorimeter. We obtained the tristimulus values of X, Y, and Z of the 10° standard observer under the illuminant of D ₆₅, and the values of the CIELAB color system, L ^*, a^*, b^*, C^*, and h. When the lightness index (L ^*) was <54, b ^*, C ^*, and h showed positive correlations against L ^*. When L ^* was >54, a ^* and C ^* showed negative correlations against L ^*. These results imply that wood color should be discussed by separating wood specimens into the high and low-lightness groups. A good positive correlation was found between the L ^* and h throughout the whole range of L ^*. It is thought that the value of h can be an important index, as can L ^*, for comparing of wood color because h shows a simple relation with L ^*.