城市街头绿地空间中的植物配置与绿化——以北京元大都遗址公园为例

在城市绿化中,街头绿地因其分布广,实用性强的特点而处于十分重要的位置。街头绿地的绿化通过对植物材料的运用来创造和组织空间。本文选取比较优秀的实例,对街头绿地空间中植物的配置与绿化做具体的分析说明。     

果胶脱色技术研究进展

果胶脱色技术是影响果胶生产质量的重要因素,就果胶的呈色机理,活性炭脱色、醇氨溶液脱色、双氧水脱色、树脂脱色等方法进行了综述。     

有色米及白米矿质元素营养特征

 用等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)分析了在同地繁殖的国内外252份水稻品种糙米中的N、P、 K、 S、Mg、Ca、Mn、 Fe、 Na、Al、Cu、B、 Ba、Mo、Sr、 V、 Eu 18种无机元素，比较了其中有色米(33份红米、9份紫米)与白米(210份)间的18种元素含量和12个无机元素的养分供需率的差异。结果表明：如按糙米元素含量或精米元素养分供需率比较，不能如实反映其营养特征。因有色米食用是包括种皮的糙米而精白米是去糙的精米，用有色糙米与精白米的元素养分供需率此较则12个元素中除Ba、 V仍低于精白米，Sr无显著差异外，其它元素均高于精白米。有色米中红米的Mg、Ca 、Ba、V和Fe高于紫米。所以在评估大米元素营养价值时要注意其食用部分及其可利用性。     

Effects of homogenization pressure and stabilizers on some physical characteristics of a beverage prepared from partially defatted, roasted peanuts

A low-fat beverage with roasted peanut flavor was developed from peanuts. The potential milk substitute contained 11.8% total solids, 2.0% fat and 3.7% protein, and was whitish orange-yellow in color. The effects of stabilizing additives and homogenization pressure (13.8×10⁶ Pa or 41.4×10⁶ Pa) on selected physical characteristics were determined. Suspension stability was improved by addition of carrageenan [Benlacta CM61-B (CM), 0.02–0.04%] or a hydrogenated mono- and diglyceride [Emuldan HV52K (HV, 0.2–0.4%)]. Homogenizing at 41.4×10⁶ Pa increased viscosity of all samples except that of the controls but did not improve the suspension stability (top:bottom solids) of the beverage. The most viscous formulations (17.5±0.95 cps) were those containing 0.04% CM. Treatments yielding the best combination, compared to cow's milk values, of high suspension stability (0.5±0.03, where 1.0=maximum stability) and low viscosity (3.7±0.89 cps) were those containing 0.2% HV which were homogenized at 13.8×10⁶ Pa.     

Phenolics and Antioxidative Activities in Narrow-Leafed Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

Eight lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) genotypes grown at four locations in south central Alberta in 2004 were evaluated for variability in phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity measured by a photochemiluminescence assay. Genotype was the main source of variation for content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compounds in genotypes varied minimally from 11.9 to 14.7 mg catechin equivalent and 4.15 to 4.95 mg rutin equivalent g⁻¹ lupin for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Lupin genotypes exhibited weak antioxidant activity based on water–soluble substances (ACW) of 0.54 to 1.07 μmole Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC)/g with lag time ranging from 70 to 153 s and an antioxidant index of 6.7 to 14.5 and 1.9 to 3.3 μmole TEAC/g based on measurements of lipid-soluble substances (ACL). Antioxidant activity of lupin genotypes was not related to phenolic contents of seeds.     

A psychophysical approach to color sensory evaluation of yellowish natural dye fabrics

The objectives of this study were to evaluate color sensation for yellowish natural dye fabrics using magnitude estimation to determine physical colorimetric factors significantly related to human sensibility by establishing power function in psychophysical analysis. Fourteen different yellowish fabrics dyed with natural colorants were selected as stimuli. Subjective color sensations including brightness, heaviness, softness, strength, warmth, activeness, classicalness, femininity, and pleasantness for each stimulus were subjectively evaluated by using fixed magnitude estimation. As results, yellowish natural dye fabrics in general seemed to evoke feeling of brightness, femininity, and pleasantness more strongly than that of heaviness and classicalness. Most of color sensations were significantly related with more than one of physical color properties, which leads to establishing reliable power functions between them. Color lightness, L* was found as a dominant physical attribute which affects subjective sensation such as brightness, femininity, and pleasantness. Subjective activeness was explained by physical yellowness, b*, whereas both strength and classicalness were by color saturation, C* even though it described strength positively while it did classicalness negatively. In the power functions, these relationships could be utilized to design color-sensible natural dye textiles.     

基于颜色特征的叶片含水率与比叶重估算模型初探

通过不同氮素营养水平的水培试验,采用线性拟合和逐步回归分析,建立了黄瓜叶片干基含水率与比叶重的颜色特征估算模型。结果表明：颜色特征与叶片干基含水率、比叶重的线性拟合分析中,S、G/(R+G+B)、B/(R+G+B)、G/R、G/B、G-R和H/S构成的颜色特征变量的相关系数与叶片干基含水率相关密切;S、G/(R+G+B)、B/(R+G+B)、G/R、G/B、G-R、H/S和H/I构成的颜色特征变量的相关系数与叶片比叶重相关密切。运用逐步回归分析技术找出了G/(R+G+B)和G-R可以作为叶片干基含水量估算的主要颜色特征参数; G/(R+G+B)和H/I是叶片比叶重估算的主要颜色特征参数。     

复合诱变选育红色素高产菌株的研究

[目的]采用紫外和超声波复合诱变方法对红色素产生菌进行处理,以期达到提高红色素产量的目的。[方法]以红色素产生菌A0为出发菌株．采用紫外和超声波进行诱变。[结果]通过紫外诱变获得了10株红色素产量较高的菌株,选取色价最高的菌株A10作为超声波诱变的菌株,结果获得了1株红色素高产菌株B1,提高了红色素的产量。[结论]为微生物发酵生产天然红色素奠定了基础.     

泰安市异色瓢虫色斑类型调查与研究

对泰安市1 320头异色瓢虫越冬成虫进行了观察研究,共发现表现型150种,其中未被记录的20种。按表现型将其分为4种类型：黄底黑斑、橘红底黑斑、黑底红斑和黑底黄斑,其种类数分别为64、67、11和8,各类型数目占调查总数的比例分别为39.24%、30.83%、26.14%和3.79%。黄底黑斑和橘红底黑斑型以十九斑变型最多,黑底红斑和黑底黄斑型以显明变型居多。对各斑点出现频率统计结果表明,斑点1/2在雄虫出现的频率约为雌虫的1/4,斑点9约为雌虫的1/2,其余各斑点雌虫均高于雄虫。首次对斑点和联斑不对称的异色瓢虫进行了命名,优化了记号命名法。     

基于纹理和位置特征的麦田杂草识别方法

以化学防除适期麦田杂草为研究对象,对利用条播作物的位置和纹理特征识别田间杂草的方法进行了研究。根据条播作物小麦作物行的间距相对固定等位置特征,利用植物像素直方图法确定作物行的中心线和行宽,并识别行间杂草。然后,以作物行中心为基准来选取纹理块,计算量化级数为8级的H颜色空间的共生矩阵,提取5个纹理特征参数,利用K均值聚类法判别分析各块的类别来识别行内杂草。研究结果表明,杂草的正确识别率约为93％,作物的错误识别率约为7％。