Suspected venous air embolism during urinary tract endoscopy in a standing horse

During cystoscopy, performed with air insufflation in a standing Argentinian gelding, the horse showed ataxia and fell to the ground with generalised muscular twitching and horizontal nystagmus, tachypnoea and tachyarrhythmia. General anaesthesia was induced. Arterial blood gas‐analysis before induction of anaesthesia revealed an increased pH, decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide and decreased partial pressure of oxygen. Venous air embolism was suspected.     

崇明岛东北部表层土壤及近地表大气中HCHs DDTs污染及土-气交换

通过对崇明岛东北部表层土壤和大气中HCHs和DDTs两类有机氯农药的测定,对其残留现状和环境行为进行了研究。结果表明,土壤中HCHs浓度为0.40～20.0ng·g^-1,DDTs浓度为0.78～163.2ng·g^-1,绝大部分地区未超过国家土壤环境质量标准规定,近期没有新的HCHs和DDTs污染源输入;近地面大气中气相HCHs和DDTs的浓度范围分别为0.38～2.26ng·m^-3和0.17～0.98ng·m^-3。研究表明大气长距离传输对该区域的有机氯农药污染有较为明显的影响。初步运用逸度概念模型对该区域进行分析,发现HCHs和DDTs的逸出方向绝大部分地区为从土壤向大气挥发。     

自动防疫系统对冬季鸡舍空气净化的效果

试验选用300型空气电净化自动防疫系统和3DDC-12型粪道等离子体除臭灭菌系统(二者简称为自动防疫系统),测定其对冬季蛋鸡舍空气的净化效果。选取尺寸、样式和饲养密度等完全相同的两栋蛋鸡舍作对比试验,两栋鸡舍通风采用自动控制装置。在试验鸡舍安装自动防疫系统,测定两栋鸡舍舍内有毒有害气体和空气细菌总数的浓度。结果显示,两栋鸡舍在适当通风条件下（使舍内温度维持在(14.2±0.4)℃）,对照鸡舍和试验鸡舍的空气细菌总数平均浓度分别为 17.8 cfu/L和11.72 cfu/L（P＜0.01）,自动防疫系统使之降低34.2%;空气粉尘的平均质量浓度分别为5.52 mg/m3和 3.54 mg/m3（P＜0.01）,自动防疫系统使之降低35.9%;蛋鸡平均日死亡只数分别为4.68只和2.53只（P＜0.01）,自动防疫系统使之降低46.0%。试验表明,舍内安装自动防疫系统能显著降低鸡舍空气细菌总数浓度和空气粉尘浓度,降低蛋鸡死亡率。     

热泵-热风组合干燥方式对干制海参品质的改善

为了提高干制海参的品质,该文在热风干燥的基础上,利用热泵－热风组合干燥的方式干燥腌渍海参,对不同干燥方式下海参的干燥特性（干燥特性曲线,收缩系数和产品品质）进行测定,对干燥结束后海参的复水品质（复水倍数,流变学参数,感官评价）与传统的热风干燥进行分析比较,结果表明：组合干燥海参的平均收缩系数最小,为16.64,而平均复水倍数为10.18,远高于热风干燥产品;产品流变学特性及硬度,弹性,柔韧度,黏性均较热风处理后海参理想。结果表明：组合干燥可以明显提高干燥后海参的复水倍数和复水品质,产品的感官品质好。     

灰色系统理论在烟台市区大气环境质量分析和预测中的应用

利用灰色系统理论对烟台市区大气环境污染因子(SO2、NOx、TSP)数据序列和大气质量综合指数数据序列进行灰色关联度分析,并预测了未来5年内烟台市区大气环境质量状况。结果表明:影响市区大气环境质量的主要污染因子是TSP,其次是SO2;未来5年内烟台市区大气环境质量将逐年提高,且均保持在清洁水平。     

控制通风和日粮中添加丝兰宝对改善羊舍空气质量效果的研究

对三栋密闭式羊舍内的空气环境状况进行了观测及分析,研究日粮中添加丝兰宝和通风两种方式改善羊舍空气质量的效果。结果表明:对照组、通风组和丝兰宝组舍内氨气平均浓度分别41.06 mg/m33、1.43 mg/m3和30.65 mg/m3,其中通风组和丝兰宝组极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),通风组与丝兰宝组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);硫化氢平均浓度分别为0.0037mg/m30、.0034 mg/m3和0.0039 mg/m3,三组间差异不显著(P>0.05);二氧化碳平均浓度分别为1 843 mg/m31、523 mg/m3和1 718 mg/m3,三组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。舍内温度通风组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),湿度通风组和丝兰宝组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),粪便含水量通风组显著低于对照组和丝兰宝组(P<0.05),TSP、PM10浓度三组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。表明控制通风和在日粮中添加丝兰宝均能明显改善羊舍空气质量。     

Efficacy of urease inhibitor to reduce ammonia emission from poultry houses

As the poultry industry has grown, so have concerns about the environmental management aspects of these industries, including air and water quality. Poultry operations continue to expand and are large contributors to farm income. There is increased concern related to ammonia emission from poultry operations. Various abatement methods, including dietary manipulation, chemical amendment of litter, and improvement in ventilation system management have been used to control ammonia concentrations from livestock facilities, but these methods are perceived to be too expensive, to impair bird growth, or to add to pollution in some other form. Alternative strategies include reduction of ammonia emissions by arresting N in the litter. An alternative approach to decrease ammonia emissions in poultry facilities is to block the enzyme activity in the litter because ammonia is the by-product of a 5-step enzymatic degradation of uric acid. Our preliminary study with layer feces, which were allowed to accumulate on a layer of broiler litter, indicated that a commercially available urease inhibitor resulted in a significant reduction in equilibrium ammonia concentration over time. Based on the results of the preliminary experiment, further studies were conducted to study the effect of the urease inhibitor on broiler litter and layer feces directly. The results showed that the urease inhibitor did not have any effect on equilibrium ammonia concentration when applied to drier broiler litter. The reduced moisture content in the broiler litter may have inhibited urease inhibitor activity. With layer feces, urease inhibitor reduced equilibrium ammonia concentration. The effect of the first application lasted for 1 wk, after which the equilibrium ammonia concentration in the treated trays rebounded to exceed that of the control trays. Upon a second application of urease inhibitor, the effect lasted for 14 d. The difference in the effect of the urease inhibitor on equilibrium ammonia concentration upon first and second application could have been influenced by a change in manure characteristics over time. Layer manure is a dynamic environment with continued change; therefore, more research is warranted in the area of stored layer manure.     

不同干燥方式对芒果果皮理化特性的影响

采用热风干燥、远红外干燥和微波干燥处理芒果果皮,探讨不同干燥方法对芒果果皮理化特性的影响.结果表明:微波干燥的芒果果皮干基含水率下降程度和干燥速率都优于热风干燥和远红外干燥,但复水性较差;3种干燥方法对果皮色泽及总多酚、总黄酮和色素含量的影响各有差异.通过对干燥芒果果皮收缩率、复水性、色泽及总多酚、总黄酮和色素含量进行主成分分析,得出远红外干燥的主成分综合得分最高,此干燥方法更加适合用于干燥芒果果皮.     

Analysis of Fire Smoke Movement with Different Air Velocity at the Stair head to the Hall of a Metro Station

When a fire happens at the subway platform, the downward ventilation at the staircase which connects the hall and platform can prevent smoke spreading into the hall and provides guiding air for evacuation people. To investigate the influence of the ventilation rate on the smoke movement, the air velocity at the staircase was measured under three ventilation modes. Numerical model was established to simulate the real fire scenario. It is shown that the downward air velocity under fire is greater than that without fire, and the traditional design procedure without considering complex factors interaction in real fire scenario should be improved; when fire is near the staircase, smoke easily spills from the smoke screen to the concourse. And smoke concentration of concourse is even higher than that of platform because the hall is under air supply mode; when the fire locates at the public area of the platform, turning on the tunnel fans can increase the downside flow at the staircase. However exceeding high flow can produce disturbance and destroy the smoke stratification, so more area will be filled with smoke. Therefore, reasonable smoke management scheme is as important as smoke exhausting system capability.     

The Influence of Air Inlet on Ventilation Effect in Indoor SubstationTransformer Rooms

Ventilation design is the difficulty of transformer room design. Temperature field and velocity field in a transformer room was simulated by CFD method . By comparing simulation value with the experimental value in related document , the effectiveness of the mathematical model was verified. Based on it, an indoor substation transformer built was taken as the simulation object, then designed and simulated six kinds of ventilation condition by changing the location and area of air inlet, focused on the influence of air inlet on the ventilation effect by comparing the temperature field ,velocity field and temperature characteristic value in different condition. The simulation results show that when air inlet area is fixed, the air inlet should be arranged in the radiator side and its center height should be controlled in the radiator center height or slightly offset position, it should not be higher than the radiator. When the air inlet location is fixed, air inlet area should be increased along the high direction to improve ventilation effect. The conclusions can provide technical support for the ventilation design of transformer room.