New gene-based approaches for an AIDS vaccine

Vaccine approaches against AIDS have focused on inducing cellular immune responses, since many studies revealed the role of T cell responses in the control of human immunodeficiency virus or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. The experimental infection of rhesus macaques with SIV or chimeric SHIV is routinely used as a model for AIDS. In such models, DNA immunization is a tool to elicit specific T cell responses and to study their protective efficacy. DNA immunogenicity in primates depends on parameters such as level of antigen expression, choice of the antigen among SIV proteins, use of fusion proteins, route of immunization, and addition of adjuvants. Recent results suggest that priming with DNA and boosting with attenuated recombinant viral vectors, each expressing corresponding SIV antigens, leads to improved specific immunity and, in some cases, affords protection against pathogenic challenge. After preclinical evaluations, DNA has entered clinical trials for a therapeutic or prophylactic gene-based AIDS vaccine.     

Development of Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay Detection Method for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

In this article, through the combination of nucleic acid probes and immune chromatography, a simple, sensitive and specific detection system——nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA) for amplifing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D RT-PCR products was established.An ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensor (NAB) based on streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles dual labels and lateral flow strip biosensor (LFSB) were used in this system.The biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was marked to the NC membrane as the alleged strip and the anti-digoxin antibody was labeled to the NC membrane to capture the digoxin probe.After assemblying gold-labeled strip and detecting RT-PCR products, the detection limit of NALFIA was 0.3×10^-3 to 3×10^-3 μg/μL.The NALFIA was compared with agar gel electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that the sensitivity of NALFIA was higher than agar gel electrophoresis.There was an excellent agreement between the two methods.NALFIA was a method with high sensitive, low cost and short time.In conclusion, this method provided a good alternative to detect FMDV.     

不同样品中犬输血传播性病毒的PCR检测比较与基因分析

根据NCBI上输血传播性病毒(Torque-Teno virus,TTV)犬基因组序列(Cf-TTV10,GenBank登录号:AB076002)设计嵌套引物,从犬血清与粪便中鉴定出TTV。199份犬血清样品中检出阳性率为14.6%(29/199),158份犬粪便样品的检出率为12.7%(20/158),通过基因分析与鉴定确定为同一型,验证了从粪便样品和血液样品的提取检测的犬TTV阳性率基本保持一致(P>0.05),为下一步进行TTV的传染特性和分子流行病学的研究提供了基础。     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒的分离与鉴定

鸭病毒性肝炎(duck virus hepatitis,DVH)是造成养鸭业严重经济损失的传染病之一。作者对松原市某鸭场送检的病死鸭进行病毒分离试验、雏鸭回归试验、DHV分离株ELD₅₀测定、雏鸭保护试验、鸡胚中和试验、鸭胚接种试验和电镜观察等,确诊该病为Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎。试验所分离得到的Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒与标准毒株的回归试验病理特征存在一定差异,其基因序列的测定及分析还有待于进一步研究。     

The epidemiology and diagnosis of bluetongue with particular reference to Corsica

Bluetongue (BT) and/or BT viruses (BTV) have been identified in the Mediterranean basin and the Balkans each year from 1998 to 2002 and in particular BTV serotype 2 in the French Island of Corsica (2000 and 2001). In response to these virus incursions, the French Veterinary Authorities carried out epidemiological studies that included virological, serological and entomological analysis, and two vaccination campaigns performed in the winter of 2000/2001 and the winter and spring of 2001 and 2002. Rapid and reliable serotype differentiation is essential at the start of an outbreak to allow an early selection of vaccine to control the spread of the virus. Thus, molecular tools, that complement conventional methods, have been developed for early detection of infection, determination of the serotype, and differentiation between natural infection and vaccination. Serological results showed that the first vaccination campaign during the winter of 2000/2001 did not provide full protection for all sheep and during the summer of 2001, 335 sheep flocks in Corsica were again infected by BTV 2 (7-fold more that in 2000). Entomological studies have demonstrated that the only proven vector of the disease, Culicoides imicola, was present in the island in 2000 and that it has successfully established itself in Corsica. The safety and immunogenicity of the commercial South African vaccine were studied. Fourteen sheep were vaccinated and then observed for clinical signs. Blood, sera, spleen and lymph nodes were collected and analyzed, and the results confirmed the safety and potency of using this vaccine to protect sheep from clinical disease. As a result, an intensive vaccination campaign was performed during winter and spring 2001/2002. No cases of BT had been observed by the end of summer 2002, indicating that the vaccination campaign has been successful in protecting sheep from infection.     

H3亚型猪流感病毒分离与鉴定

从东莞和鹤山等地不同猪场采集的40份鼻拭子或病死猪的肺、气管病料中分离到4株有血凝活性的病毒,其中3株病毒与新城疫病毒阳性血清的HI试验为阳性,另外1株病毒与抗猪流感H3亚型猪流感病毒阳性血清的HI试验为阳性;根据猪流感病毒M基因设计引物,扩增出预期的约315 bp片段,表明该病毒为H3亚型猪流感病毒。     

尼帕病毒流行病学研究进展

尼帕病是由副黏病毒科中的尼帕病毒引起的新型烈性人畜共患传染病,其严重威胁人类与猪等动物的健康。作者就尼帕病毒的病原学特征、流行病学和临床症状等进行了概述,以期初步了解尼帕病毒。     

小反刍兽疫病毒F蛋白抗原位点的克隆与表达

目的表达小反刍兽疫F蛋白的抗原位点用于检测与预防。方法用DNAStar分析小反刍兽疫的抗原位点,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术,从病羊组织中PPRV的F基因的抗原位点并克隆到原核表达载体PET-28b中,最后用PCR、酶切和测序分析对重组质粒进行鉴定;将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌Rosetta中,经ITPG诱导表达PPRVF基因的抗原位点;用SDS-PAGE和Western-Blotting分析抗原位点蛋白的表达。结果将RT-PCR产物电泳,得到与预期大小相符的特异性片段;对重组质粒PET-28b-F35-111(pZLW013)、PET-28b-F143-485(pZLW014)和PET-28b-F323-485(pZLW015)酶切后,均出现与预期相符的片段;DNA测序表明插入的片段的序列与小反刍兽疫F基因的抗原位点序列分别完全一致,其大小分别为251bp、1053bp和514bp;将重组表达的蛋白经SDS-PAGE和West-ern-Blotting分析,证明小反刍兽疫抗原位点F35-111没有表达、抗原位点F143-485和F323-485得到表达。结论成功表达了PPRVF基因的两段抗原位点蛋白,为日后检测与预防工作奠定了基础。     

不同宿主来源犬瘟热病毒的分离及致病相关基因序列分析

利用Vero-DST细胞从死亡犬、狐狸肺、脾内分离到4株犬瘟热病毒-CDV-TM-CC、CDV-Dog-SCh、CDV-Fox-SY、CDV-Fox-WF,在Vero-DST细胞上传5代没有细胞病变,5代细胞培养物经电镜、间接免疫荧光及PCR鉴定为阳性。与本实验室保存的CDV-Monkey-BJ进行基因测序,并对与致病相关的F蛋白、V蛋白进行分析,F蛋白分析5株毒具有6个潜在N-末端糖基化位点,与强毒株同源性在92%～99.7%,与疫苗株不高于93.3%,在F1亚基内有7个特有氨基酸位点,这可能与其对灵长类致病有关。V蛋白分析表明,其与强毒株同源性在94%～99.7%之间,而与疫苗株不高于93.3%,CDV-Monkey-BJ C272R突变使其Zn结合能力丧失。试验结果显示,所有分离株均为强毒株,不同宿主毒株序列存在差异,值得进一步研究。