硼锰配施对红菜薹营养品质及生理指标的影响

[目的]研究硼锰配施对红菜薹营养品质及生理指标的影响。[方法]在其他营养元素满足的水培条件下,采用双因子3水平组合设计,每升营养液中分别配0.5、2.5和7.5 mg制硼酸、硫酸锰,得到9个不同的硼锰配施处理,测定各处理红菜薹相关品质及生理指标。[结果]硼、锰配施对红菜薹品质和生理指标的影响有明显的交互作用,在水培条件下,保证红菜薹优质、抗性强的硼锰浓度分别为：硼酸的浓度为2.5 mg/L,硫酸锰的浓度为2.5-7.5 mg/L。[结论]该研究为进一步研究微量元素配施对蔬菜营养成分的影响奠定了基础。     

发酵凤眼莲的菌种筛选

[目的]通过菌种筛选探讨发酵凤眼莲的利用价值。[方法]将5种菌种分别置于PDA、PD、营养琼脂、牛肉汤固定培养基上进行菌种活化培养,继后通过单个菌种发酵试验和组合菌种平板拮抗试验对菌种进行筛选。[结果]根据5种菌种在凤眼莲固体培养基上的生长状况,选择生孢噬纤维菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉作为发酵菌种,其菌种组合发酵效果显著优于单一菌种发酵效果。采用3种菌组合在水分65％、pH值7．0和温度28℃的条件下发酵凤眼莲,产物的粗蛋白含量为47．33％,比所用培养基的粗蛋白含量提高173．74％,粗纤维降解率达77．06％,且有发酵香味,具有优质蛋白饲料的特性。[结论]筛选良好的组合菌种对凤眼莲进行发酵,能有效解决凤眼莲作为饲料存在的高水分、高纤维、低蛋白等问题。     

红菜薹细胞质雄性不育系的农艺性状调查及POD同工酶分析

通过对新型甘蓝型油菜雄性不育材料（EruCMS）细胞质雄性不育系、红菜薹保持系俞优以及二者杂交获得的红菜薹早代异源细胞质雄性不育系材料进行农艺性状调查和POD同工酶分析得出：三者在植株形态上没有显著差异,但在花器官性状方面存在极显著差异|三者的POD同工酶分析存在谱带增减、活性强弱变化和器官特异表达差异,花和花蕾则是不育系和保持系间生化差异最大的器官,叶片和薹次之、叶柄差异不明显。     

不同施肥量对金佛山方竹发笋情况的影响试验

于2006年初在镇雄县杉树乡细沙河村2002年度退耕还林金佛山方竹造林地上,设置了16个规格为10m×10m的样地,以4个样地为1组,进行了4次重复试验,分别对施用12kg、16kg、20kg西洋复合肥及不施肥(对照)对促进发笋及生长的情况进行了试验.结果表明,施肥对促进发笋效果明显,能使发笋时间提前,且持续时间更长.另外,对促进竹笋高生长效果也很显著,其中施肥量以1 600kg·hm-2较为经济.     

金佛山方竹笋用林混交常绿落叶阔叶树效果调查

金佛山方竹笋用林混交常绿落叶阔叶树,能够提高光能和营养空间的利用率,有效改善林地的生境,相互之间能起到很好的促进作用,增加方竹出笋力,提高林分质量,具有较高的生产力和显著的经济效益,是方竹笋用林比较理想的经营模式。建议在营造方竹笋用林中混交常绿落叶阔叶树,以短养长、管竹育木,增加经济收益,提高林分的水源涵养功能。     

青刺果研究概述

青刺果(Prinsepia Utilis Royle)是一种木本油料植物,是蔷薇科扁核木属植物,又名总花扁核木。主要分布在中国云南、四川、西藏和贵州等海拔在1800~3200 m的山区、山坡、干旱河谷、荒地和丛林中。青刺果在滇西北少数民族地区已有几千年的食药用历史。为了研究青刺果在药用、食用、护肤、保健功能等方面的意义,综述了国内外近三十年有关青刺果及其产品和化学成分的研究,发现青刺果根、茎、果仁中含多种对人体所必须的常量和微量元素、维生素、氨基酸、粗脂肪、多糖、黄酮、萜类等,具有抗氧化、降血脂、提高缺氧耐力、抗菌、维持生物膜流动等作用,另外在青刺果的栽培、萃取及化学成分分析方面也取得较大的进展,然而对青刺果进行系统的化学成分分析和药理作用的研究存在不足,今后还需进一步研究青刺果化学成分的分离鉴定以及其在药理学上的应用。     

我国青刺果研究进展

对青刺果的生物学特性、分布范围及开发价值、应用及栽培技术等进行综述,为有效的保护、开发利用这一宝贵的资源提供了基本资料及技术支持,为我国高海拔地区农民脱贫致富提供了另一条重要途径。     

非编码RNA BcNR1在菜心中的克隆及表达分析

非编码RNA是近年来新发现的一类在生物体内广泛存在的特殊基因.以菜心[Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis(L.)Makino vat.utilis]为实验材料,根据普通白菜花粉特异的非编码RNA基因Bc MF11的全长序列设计引物,通过PCR直接扩增的方法从菜心中克隆出BcMF11的同源基因全长序列,命名为BcNR1 (GenBank登录号为EF363720).序列分析显示,该基因全长801 bp,缺乏明显的开放阅读框,而且在序列中多处出现终止密码子,具有非编码RNA基因的序列特征.RT-PCR表达分析结果显示BcNR1是菜心花粉发育特异表达的基因,推测该非编码RNA基因在植物花粉发育中发挥作用.     

菜心BrcuFCA基因的克隆与表达分析

本文以菜心（Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis（L.）Makino var.utilis）为实验材料,比较了Trizol法、改进Trizol法及改良SDS法提取菜心总RNA的效果。结果表明改进Trizol法集中了操作简单、耗时短、所需试剂种类少,且完整性好,产量和纯度均高等多重优点,成为提取菜心总RNA首选方案。同时文章以甘蓝型油菜及其它物种的FCA保守区设计引物,将质量高的菜心总RNA反转录合成cDNA,通过RT-PCR从菜心的早、晚熟品种中均克隆得到与开花有关的基因片段,将之命名为BrcuFCA,片段长1001bp,GenBank登录号为EU700363,与甘蓝型油菜及拟南芥FCA氨基酸同源性分别达到了98%和82%。另一方面,本研究还利用半定量RT-PCR研究了BrcuFCA不同时空表达特性,并结合已发表的开花调控遗传途径中两个关键基因BrcuFLC和BrcuFRI时空表达特性研究结果,推测菜心主要的抽薹开花途径不是春化和FRI-依赖途径,而很可能是自主开花途径。本研究为菜心抽薹开花分子机理的研究提供理论依据。     

Comparative nutritional evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck] on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

A fish feeding trial was conducted in a warm‐water recirculating system for 8 weeks to assess the nutritive value of processed mucuna seeds as a dietary protein replacement for fish meal in practical diets of tilapia. Diets 2–6 contained mucuna seeds processed as follows: raw, soaked in water, soaked in sodium bicarbonate solution (0.07%), soaked in ascorbic acid solution (0.1%) or soaked in water containing 3% of freeze‐dried moringa leaf powder, followed by autoclaving. The mucuna seed meals were then used to replace 25% of the total dietary protein in each diet. The performance of fish fed these diets was compared with fish fed a fish meal‐based control diet (diet 1), which contained 35% protein. All diets were prepared to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Each treatment had three replicates, using seven fish per aquarium, with a mean initial body weight of 3.9 ± 0.06 g. Fish were fed five times about their maintenance level (3.0 g feed × body weight (kg)^?0.8 day^?1), and no mortality was observed during the experiment. The growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein productive value of fish fed diets 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were similar. However, with regard to energy retention and apparent net lipid utilization, the values observed in fish fed diet 1 were similar to those of fish fed diets 5 and 6, and diet 6, and significantly higher than other dietary groups. Fish fed diet 2 showed a significantly (P < 0.05) reduced growth performance, higher carcass moisture and ash contents, and lower levels of lipid and energy compared with all other dietary groups. Fish fed diet 2 had a significantly lower plasma cholesterol level compared with other diets. However, no significant variation of muscle cholesterol was found between the dietary groups. Even though the hepato‐somatic index of the fish fed diets 3, 4, 5 and 6 was significantly lower than diet 1, these values appeared to be significantly higher compared with fish fed diet 2. The present study indicates that the inclusion of mucuna seed meal (replacement of 25% of total dietary protein of feed) after soaking in any one of the tested solutions followed by autoclaving significantly improved the growth performance and feed utilization of tilapia compared with that of the raw seeds. Moreover, these values were similar to the performance obtained with the fish meal‐based control diet 1. This might be due to the relative reduction of anti‐nutrients, particularly the non‐protein amino acid 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, and increased palatability and nutrient availability of processed beans.