Nitrogen Fixation and Nitrate Assimilation of Determinate, Semi-determinate and Undeterminate Soybeans (Glycine max L.)

Soybean ( Glycine max L.) nitrogen nutrition is ensured by both symbiotic nitrogen fixation and mineral nitrogen assimilation. The relationship between these two modes of N nutrition was analysed in 3 growth types (determinate, semi-determinate and undeterminate) of soybean. The nitrate reductase activity and nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) of plants grown in the field and greenhouse showed that these enzymatic activity acted simultaneously or successively during the growth cycle, depending on the availability of inorganic nitrogen in the growing medium. Undeterminate soybean types had a higher potential nitrate reductase activities than determinate types.
The proportion of N₂ fixed as measured by ¹⁵N labelling or stem ureide content indicated that determinate soybeans derived a higher proportion of their N from N₂ fixation than the undeterminates.     

日本血吸虫尾蚴分泌蛋白水解酶的初步研究

为了解日本血吸虫尾蚴转化为童虫过程中是否分泌蛋白水解酶，进行了日本血吸虫尾蚴在DSM培液中进行机械转化和尾蚴接种于复盖DSM培液液面的人工小鼠皮上进行自然转化时酶活性测定，测定应用酪蛋白溶液。结果证实日本血吸虫尾蚴转化为童虫过程中和新转化的童虫均能分泌一种蛋白水解酶。根据报道，曼氏血吸虫的这种酶起到钻透结缔组织的蛋白水解和促使尾蚴转化为童虫时糖萼脱落两个作用，并随之而起到抵抗免疫杀伤功能。说明日本血吸虫尾蚴和童虫，与曼氏血吸虫一样有这方面的功能。     

不同施肥方式对普陀樟苗木生长及养分的影响

为了解不同施肥方式对普陀樟Cinnamomum japonicum var.chenii苗木生长及养分含量的影响,设置了4个不同处理的田间试验,即不施肥(CK)、一次性施肥(TF)、直线施肥(SF)和平均施肥(AF),于2013年6月至10月观测苗高和地径,试验结束时收获植物进行分析测定。结果表明,不同施肥方式的苗高、地径及生物量按以下顺序依次递减:AFSFTFCK。到试验结束时,TF、SF和AF的苗高较CK分别提高3.84%、5.50%和8.82%;地径分别是CK的1.15倍、1.18倍和1.19倍;较CK的生物量增幅分别达72.46%、77.54%和79.10%,但三者间的差异并不显著(P0.05)。3种相同施肥量的处理中,AF处理的苗木养分含量最高,不同养分元素中,以N素的含量为最高,K素次之,P素最低,在不同植物器官中,叶片是积累养分最多的部位。AF处理的苗木养分吸收利用率高于SF和TF;SF的氮素吸收利用率高于TF,而磷、钾吸收利用率要低于TF。从施肥效率和生物量收获指数来看,AF处理为最高,SF次之,TF最小。     

Determination of competitive abilities of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains in soils from soybean production regions in South Africa

Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain CB 1809 was recently chosen to replace strain WB 1 in commercial soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] inoculants in South Africa, the selection criterion being N₂-fixing effectiveness. Nodulation competitiveness is an additional characteristic required of inoculants and was determined for CB 1809 and WB 1 as well as two other strains, USDA 110 and a Brazilian strain 965, using the gusA marker gene to identify strains. Initial experiments with plants grown in sterile sand showed that the competitive index of strain WB 1 was less than that of the other strains. Further comparisons used plants grown in five soils containing established populations of B. japonicum. When strains were applied in peat inoculum to seed at a rate of 1,000 cells per seed in a soil containing 300 rhizobia g^–1, significant differences in nodule occupancy were detected and strains ranked in the order 965>CB 1809>USDA 110>WB 1. The remaining four soils each contained about 10⁶ rhizobia g^–1 and 5×10⁶ cells were applied per seed. Nodule occupancy by inoculant strains ranged from 22% to 81% between soils. In this experiment, WB 1 was consistently the poorest performer and its competitiveness was significantly less than CB 1809. The competition results supported the recent decision to replace WB 1 with CB 1809 in commercial inoculants. Although WB 1 had been used in inoculants over a period of 19 years, this strain was detected in only one soil, where it comprised 8% of isolates. In contrast, a substantial proportion (32–78%) of isolates from the soils corresponded serologically to a former inoculant strain WB 66, which had been discontinued in 1966. This illustrates the difficulty of replacing a resident population with an introduced strain. The effect of naturalized populations on the establishment of CB 1809 in South African soils will need monitoring Received: 23 November 1999     

土壤盐胁迫对日本荚蒾生理生化特性的影响

为评价日本荚蒾Viburnum japonicum的耐盐性,以日本荚蒾3年生实生苗为试验材料进行盆栽盐胁迫试验,设置土壤含盐量分别为0(CK)、0.15％、0.30％、0.45％、0.60％和0.75％共6个浓度的土壤盐分处理,分别在盐胁迫10 d、20 d、30 d、40 d时测定植株叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧...     

Saccharides in some Japanese paddy soils

Monosaccharides released by acid hydrolysis from paddy field soil, from the light and the heavy fraction of soil, front some plant fragment were determined using automated anio-exchange chromatography.

Between 5 and 12 per cent of the organic carbon was present as saccharides.

The monosaccharide composition of the different soils was very similar, in spite of differences in the absolute amount of saccharides present. The amount of the various monosaccharide in the whole soil was found to be in the order glucose»xylose galactose, mannose, arabinose rhamnose ribose.

The monoccharide composition of the soils showed a marked contrast to that of the rice ra8ment, and partially decomposed plant remains taken from the soil. Glucose, xylose, arabi-the predominant saccharides in the rice fragments and the plant remains, while the amounts of galactose, mannose, rhamnose were negligibly small.

It was found that the proportion of galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose in the heavy fraction Of soil was greater than that of glucose, xylose, and arabinose

The present observation was in agreement with the view that soil sauharides comprised Pentoses originates in plant materials.

The molar ratio of xylose to mannose was calculated to show the characteristics of the mono-saccharide composition of soils and some plant muerials.     

不同人工林凋落叶混合分解速率及其C,N释放动态

对岷江上游连香树、糙皮桦、云南松和云杉4种主要人工林凋落叶进行了凋落叶混合分解试验,探讨了凋落叶混合分解过程中的残留率以及分解过程中C,N含量和C,N释放率的动态变化,为试验区最佳混交树种的选择提供理论指导.结果表明,不同凋落叶分解速率存在显著差异.糙皮桦与云杉,糙皮桦与云南松,连香树与云南松凋落叶混合后对分解过程具有明显的促进作用,连香树与云杉凋落叶的混合对分解的促进作用不明显.放置于阔叶林地的针阔混合凋落叶分解速率较之放置于针叶林地快,且针阔混交有益于凋落叶的分解.在分解过程中凋落叶C含量呈减小趋势,但其释放率反之;N含量在分解过程中,连香树、云杉、云南松凋落叶表现为增加(富集)减小(释放)趋势,糙皮桦表现为减小—增大—减小的变化趋势.针阔林地凋落叶混合后促进了针叶林地凋落叶C和N的释放.     

金叶日本女贞高位嫁接育苗技术

介绍了用胸径4～6 cm的大叶女贞作砧木,用金叶日本女贞作接穗,运用高位嫁接技术,培育高干金叶日本女贞的技术环节.经过1～2a的定向培育和树冠造型,培育出整个树冠在冬季和早春叶色为金黄色、树形优美、观赏价值高的金叶日本女贞成品苗,成功率90％以上.     

不同波长LED光源对稻螟赤眼蜂发育与繁殖的影响

为探究不同波长LED光源对稻螟赤眼蜂生长发育及繁殖的影响,本研究在实验室条件下,采用6种不同波长LED光源,400 nm（紫光）、450 nm（蓝光）、530 nm（绿光）、580 nm（黄光）、630 nm（红光）和6000 k（白光）,在稻螟赤眼蜂生长发育及繁殖过程中进行光照处理,观察统计其母代的单雌寄生数、子代的单雌寄生数、寿命、发育历期及雌蜂占比。试验结果表明,不同波长LED光照处理下稻螟赤眼蜂的寄生数、寿命、发育历期及雌蜂占比等指标均有显著性差异。在黄光处理下,母代及子代的寄生数量均受到了明显的抑制,但是黄光在延长稻螟赤眼蜂寿命上起到了较为显著的效果。红光处理下稻螟赤眼蜂子代的发育历期为235 h,红光明显延长了稻螟赤眼蜂子代的发育历期,对稻螟赤眼蜂的高效繁育起到了抑制作用。蓝光则可以增加种群中的雄蜂数量,使种群雌雄性比向雄性一方偏移,不利于稻螟赤眼蜂种群的繁育及应用。综上所述,不同波长的LED光源对稻螟赤眼蜂的生长发育及繁殖起到一定的调控作用,在繁育的过程中,应该避免使用黄光、蓝光等有抑制效果的光源,对稻螟赤眼蜂的实际应用提供一定的技术指导,并为进一步深入研究稻螟赤眼蜂对环境的适应性及提升其在生物防治中大规模饲养的扩繁效率提供了重要的理论依据。     

猪牙花种子生物学特性相关问题的研究

猪牙花种子成熟后经贮存则发芽困难。通过对种子形态、千粒重、含水量、生活力、种子萌发、种皮透水性、种子后含物显微化学观察、抑制物的生物测定进行相关研究。结果表明:供试种子千粒重为7.14 g,相对含水量15.42%,生活力83.70%,种皮吸水率98.80%;种子形态结构表现为发育成熟特征;种子后含物经显微化学观察显示为种子胚乳中富含脂类、淀粉和蛋白质等大分子物质;具备种子萌发的基本形态结构和质量生物学基本特征。但抑制物的生物测定研究表明:猪牙花种子粗提物水浸液对白菜种子有明显的抑制作用,而且浸泡时间与抑制作用强度呈正相关,其抑制作用种皮种胚种子。因此,猪牙花种子形态结构和质量生物学特性与种子萌发难无相关性,种子抑制物质的存在是导致萌发困难的原因之一。