Soybean preference for Bradyrhizobium japonicum for nodulation

For examining the probability of increase in the occupation ratio of inoculated rhizobium in nodules, various Rj-soybean cultivars including the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-lines of soybean were grown in a field of the Kyushu University Farm. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 that carries uptake hydrogenase (Hup⁺) was used as an inoculum. The relative efficiency of nitrogen fixation generally increased by the inoculation. However, there were no significant differences in the effects among the genotypes of the host plants. The occupation ratio of serogroup USDA110 in the nodules on the taproot of the inoculated plants was in the range of 77–100%, suggesting that the B. japonicum strain USDA110 infected taproots immediately after inoculation. The occupation ratios in the nodules on the lateral roots were 53–67, 40–86, 63–83, and 62–77% in inoculated plants of the non-Rj-, Rj ₂ Rj ₃-, Rj ₄-, and Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes, respectively, and they decreased in all the genotypes with the progression of growth. At the time of the first sampling, the occupation ratios on the lateral roots of these Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes showed values intermediate between those of IAC-2 (Rj ₂ Rj ₃) and Hill (Rj ₄) , which were the parent cultivars of the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-lines, B340, B349, and C242. The reduction in the occupation ratio of the serogroup USDA110 for about 1 month after the first sampling was the lowest (0.13–0.16) in the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes, excluding B349, followed by the non-Rj- and Rj ₂ Rj ₃-genotypes and highest (0.52–0.69) in the Rj ₄-genotypes, excluding Hill. Therefore, it was considered that the population of compatible rhizobia with host soybean plants increased in the rhizosphere with the progression of the development and growth. The results showed that with the expansion of the root area of host plants, the occupation ratio of type A rhizobia including the serogroup USDA110 was high. Therefore, the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotypes were superior to other Rj-genotypes in terms of the inoculation effects of nodulation type A rhizobium, B. japonicum USDA110. However, the preference of the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄-genotype for serogroup USDA110 is not sufficient to rule out the competition with the other serogroups in this study. Therefore, the study should be centered on the isolation of more efficient (Hup⁺) and highly compatible rhizobial strains with the Rj ₂ Rj ₃ Rj ₄- genotypes.     

Soil aggregate as a favorable habitat for Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains

Abstract

Rhizobial cells are present in soils as saprophytes after the decay of host plant nodules, and must survive in the soil until the next encounter with the infection sites of the host plant root. Biotic and abiotic environmental factors affect the population size of these rhizobia in the soil (Vincent 1977). Precise estimation of the population size of the native and the introduced rhizobia in the soil is necessary to study the conditions for the successful nodule formation by introduced strains.     

Application of the first-order reaction (for) model to modulation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the modulation-dilution frequency method and estimation of time of initiation of nodulation

Abstract

Hattori (1985) proposed a model to simulate the relation between the number of bacterial colonies on agar plates and the incubation time, using the following equation:

where N(t) is the number of colonies observed at time t, and N_∞ λ, and t _r are parameters expressing the expected number of colonies observed at an infinite time, the rate of increase in the number of colonies, and the time of initiation of colony formation, respectively. This model is called the first-order reaction (FOR) model because the Eq. 1 is essentially the same as that of the first-order reaction.     

稻螟赤眼蜂实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

为了筛选适合稻螟赤眼蜂试验使用的内参基因,本试验根据转录组测序结果挑选了十个稻螟赤眼蜂候选内参基因（包括PABPC1L、ACTR2、ARPC2、EF1a、EEF1D、SFRS7、HSP70、CSNK1a1、GAPDH和TMEM209）,分别检测了其在包括温度、取食、农药刺激等不同条件下,以及在稻螟赤眼蜂不同的发育历期的表达情况。利用RefFinder分析软件对Delta CT、BestKeeper、NormFinder、GeNorm四种软件分析基因表达稳定性的结果进行综合排序。结果表明,不同温度、取食、农药刺激和不同发育历期处理,表达相对稳定的内参基因分别为EF1a、EEF1D;SFRS7、ARPC2;PABPC1L、TMEM209;PABPC1L、ARPC2。本研究结果为在不同条件下选择稻螟赤眼蜂内参基因提供了参考,也有利于在稻螟赤眼蜂的基因表达研究中取得更为可靠、准确的数据。     

CO-INOCULATION OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) WITH ACTINOMYCETES AND BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM ENHANCES PLANT GROWTH,NITROGENASE ACTIVITY AND PLANT NUTRITION

The aim of this study was to determine the potential of the endophytic actinomycetes that produce plant growth promoters used as co-inoculants with Bradyrhizobium japonicum to promote the growth of soybean. These endophytes exhibited the potential to enhance plant growth, nitrogenase activity of root nodules and plant nutrient uptake. Co-inoculum of B. japonicum with Nocardia alba conferred the maximum yield of root and shoot dry weight. All single-inoculated actinomycetes strains had the ability to enhance plant growth. Noc. alba and Nonomuraea rubra increased total plant dry weight up to 2.14-fold and 2.11-fold, respectively, when compared to the uninoculated controls. Co-inoculations of B. japonicum with each of Noc. alba, Non. Rubra, and Actinomadura glauciflava increased acetylene reduction activity up to 1.7 to 2.7-fold. For plant mineral composition, all of co-inoculation treatments significantly increased the nutrient levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) within a soybean plant.     

Bt伴胞晶体毒素对小鼠体内不同时期日本血吸虫的作用

血吸虫病是世界上最重要的人畜共患寄生虫病之一,当今世界上仍有74个国家6亿多人口在血吸虫的威胁之中,这些国家分布在亚洲、非洲、南美洲。据世界卫生组织估计,全世界现有2亿人口感染了一种或一种以上血吸虫。每年死于血吸虫病的人数超过10万,造成巨大的社会经济损失。我国仍有7省119个县的血吸虫病未得到有效的控制,     

两种替代猎物对日本刀角瓢虫生长发育及生殖力的影响

为明确替代猎物对日本刀角瓢虫人工饲养的效果,以烟粉虱卵为对照,研究了地中海粉螟卵和米蛾卵对日本刀角瓢虫生长发育及繁殖力的影响。结果表明,饲喂米蛾卵的日本刀角瓢虫存活率为17.16%,发育历期显著延长,雌虫寿命显著缩短;饲喂地中海粉螟卵处理的存活率为77.82%,雌虫寿命显著延长。瓢虫幼虫期和成虫期营养对成虫产卵能力有明显影响:幼虫期饲喂地中海粉螟卵,成虫期分别饲喂米蛾卵和地中海粉螟卵,产卵量极显著降低(分别为64.45粒和53.82粒);幼虫期饲喂地中海粉螟卵,成虫期饲喂烟粉虱卵,产卵量(539.10粒)与对照组无显著差异;幼虫期饲喂烟粉虱卵,成虫期分别饲喂地中海粉螟卵和米蛾卵,产卵量极显著降低(分别为59.30粒和71.38粒)。因此,米蛾卵不适于日本刀角瓢虫饲养,地中海粉螟卵可作为瓢虫幼虫期饲养的替代猎物。     

热带观赏水草日本荷根的组织培养

以日本荷根的根状茎为外植体,对日本荷根组织培养技术进行简要报道.     

中国单爪螯蜂属两新纪录种──（膜翅目：螯峰科）

本文报道采自辽宁省的单爪螯蜂属ＡｎｔｅｏｎＪｕｒｉｎｅ，１８０７两种：日本单爪螯蜂Ａ．ＪａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍＯｌｍｉ１９８４和毛角单爪螯蜂Ａ．ｐｕｂｉｃｏｒｎｅＤａｌｍａｎ１８１８，均为中国新纪录种。     

基于GGE-biplot的大豆根瘤菌抗逆性资源筛选

为了准确评价大豆根瘤菌在干旱及酸碱环境中的稳定性和适应性,采用GGE双标图对黑龙江省不同生态区分离、鉴定、纯化的7个大豆根瘤菌菌株分别进行耐旱性、耐酸碱性能力分析评价。结果表明:各供试菌株随着PEG6000浓度的增加,菌株生长量均呈现逐渐下降的趋势。GGE双标图分析表明,耐旱性强且稳定性较好的菌株为111-1;供试菌株在耐酸碱性上均有较大优势,菌株在pH3.0和pH12.0的环境条件下均能缓慢生长,并且均在pH9.0的环境条件下生长量最大。GGE双标图分析得出,耐酸性强且稳定性较好的菌株为112-2,耐碱性强且稳定性较好的菌株为111-3。该结果对适于黑龙江地区不同环境条件下大豆根瘤菌的应用具有重要的指导意义。