温度对硫酸亚铁铵抑制血吸虫毛蚴趋向运动的影响

目的:观察硫酸亚铁铵对毛蚴的趋向作用及温度的影响。方法:采用改良的Rorbert比较法。以0.2 mol/L硫酸亚铁铵溶液为实验组,等量去离子水作为对照组,检测不同温度下硫酸亚铁铵对日本血吸虫毛蚴趋向作用的影响。结果:15℃左右环境下,硫酸亚铁铵显示为吸引作用,随温度升高出现排斥现象,尤其在27℃左右,药物排斥作用极为明显,此温度也正是毛蚴活动、繁殖的适宜温度;在31~35℃,药物仍然能够发挥有效的排斥作用。结论:硫酸亚铁铵具良好的抑制毛蚴侵入钉螺的作用,在血吸虫流行地区,春夏之交可能是最适应施用该药的季节。     

抗日本血吸虫单克隆抗体的建立及特性测定

 用感染日本血吸虫尾蚴的小鼠脾脏，制备单克隆抗体（McAb），获得24株抗日本血吸虫单抗，选择12株进行Ig亚型测定，对血吸虫抗原敏感性和特异性的测定，组织定位，免疫印迹，体外ADCC对血吸虫童虫的杀伤效应和体内被动免疫转移试验等方面的研究。其中一株IgM单抗在Balb/c小鼠体内诱导了38.41%的减虫率；另一株IgG#-1单抗在昆明系小鼠体内诱导了32.23%的减虫率，并观察到有抑制宿主肝脏肉芽肿形成的现象。     

大豆慢生根瘤菌（Bradyrhizobium ddjaponicum）的血清型研究

以自东北地区分离的8株大豆慢生根瘤菌为供试菌用交叉凝集反应比较了它们与目前国内外已报道 的15株大豆慢生根瘤菌标准血清型菌株之间的血清学关系。研究结果表明：（1）菌株93H10F5和HJ15不与供试标准血清型菌株发生交叉凝集瓜在，分别命名为O14和O15血清型，（2）菌株HJ19、HJ28、93F42与标准血甭型菌株USDA94有交叉凝集反应，进一步的抗原吸收试验结果表明：HJ19和HJ28的抗原组成完全相同，命名为O3bxl血清亚型；USDA94仅与HJ19有交叉反应，命名为O３ab血清亚型，９３Ｆ４２也与ＨＪ１９有部分共同抗原，命名为Ｏ３de血清亚型。（３）菌株９３ＨＡ８与标准血清型菌株USDA135有部分共同抗原，分别命名为O12bc和O12ab血清亚型，（4）标准菌株USDA127、USDA129与USDA123有交叉凝集反应，抗原吸收试验分别将其细分为O12bc和O12ab血甭亚型。（4）标准菌株USDA127、USDA129与USDA123有交叉凝集反应，抗原吸收试验分别将其细分为O10ab。O10de和O10xxl等3个血清亚型。（5）将USDA的10个标准菌株重新命名为O1，O2，O4，O5，O6，O7，O8，O9，O11和O13血清型。     

Comparison of Ni/Zn Accumulation Ability of Thlaspi japonicum from Three Different Areas in Hokkaido

Thlaspi japonicum is a Japanese Ni-hyperaccumulator plant growing in areas with serpentine soil containing a high level of Ni. In the present study, we investigated the ability of wild Thlaspi japonicum plants inhabiting non-ultramafic soil areas of Hokkaido to accumulate Ni/Zn. Wild T. japonicum plants growing on Rebun Island (Rebun-T) accumulated small amounts of Ni, while the plants cultivated on ultramafic rock soil accumulated large amounts of Ni, like T. japonicum growing on Mt. Yubari (Yubari-T), and this change was also observed for T. japonicum growing on Mt. Tengu (Tengu-T). All the T. japonicum plants transplanted on both ultramaflc soil or Andosol accumulated over 100 mg kg⁻¹ Zn, especially the Ni/Zn content of Tengu-T plants tended to be higher than that of the plants growing in the other two areas. In contrast, transplanting of Yubari-T plants from ultramafic soil with a high level of Ni to soil with a lower-Ni content decrease of the Ni concentration in the leaves. Wild Rebun-T plants showed a smaller biomass than the Yubari-T and Tengu-T plants, and some individuals of the Rebun-T population were smaller than those of the other populations, with tiny radical leaves. Zinc content of the small leaves was not significantly different from that in large leaves. These results suggested that T. japonicum plants are able to accumulate high Ni/Zn accumulation, regardless ecotype, habitat and leaf size.     

基质配比对野生花卉状元红扦插繁殖的影响

为研究不同插穗基质对状元红[Clerodendrum japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet]扦插生长的影响,采用黄泥和腐殖质混合配比对野生花卉状元红进行扦插试验。结果表明,7种不同基质的扦插苗生根率、生根个数、根长、新梢长之间存在明显差异。高比例腐殖质混合基质扦插苗生根效果最佳,黄泥∶腐殖质=1∶3(V∶V)的混合基质最适合状元红插穗的生长,因此建议在生产上推广应用。     

Effect of chlorimuron-ethyl on Bradyrhizobium japonicum and its symbiosis with soybean

Possible side-effects of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl on Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner & Jordan) in pure culture and on inoculated soybean plants growing under controlled conditions were investigated. Growth of B japonicum strain E109 was not affected by this herbicide even when exposed to concentrations 150 times higher than recommended field doses. However, nodulation of soybean plants treated 5 days after emergence with chlorimuron-ethyl at standard application rates was impaired: a 38% decrease in the number of nodules per plant was observed four weeks after treatment. Despite nodule number decrease, no changes in shoot nitrogen content could be detected. Total fresh biomass was diminished by 25% in herbicide-treated plants. Leghemoglobin content in nodules did not vary; nevertheless total nodule protein was diminished by 40% in the herbicide-treated group. ALS activity in different soybean tissues and their relative sensitivity to chlorimuron-ethyl were also investigated. Roots and bacteroids had the greatest specific ALS activities. On a fresh weight basis, the bacteroid fraction displayed the highest ALS activity and was also the most tolerant to in vitro chlorimuron addition: 72% of its activity was retained after including 10 microM chlorimuron-ethyl in the reaction mixture. These results indicate that standard application rates of chlorimuron-ethyl will have limited incidence on B japonicum survival, and effects on nodulation may have little long-term consequences on soybean nitrogen fixation potential. The differences found among soybean tissues not only in intrinsic ALS activity but also in their relative sensitivity to this herbicide suggests that, in leguminous plants living in symbiosis with rhizobia, nodules may contribute to an enhanced tolerance to ALS inhibitors.     

日本血吸虫童虫冷冻保藏复苏后生活史循环的研究

本文报告了日本血吸虫童虫经液氮冻藏复苏后的生活史循环的情况。童虫冻藏３６天和５０天后腹腔注射感染小鼠，亲代成虫回收率为９．０和８．９％。感染鼠肝内的子代虫卵孵出的子１代毛蚴感染钉螺，感染率为５９和６７％；平均每个钉螺第１次逸出的子１代尾蚴数为８００～９００条。子１代尾蚴感染小鼠后，其子１代成虫回收率为５５和５６％。合抱雌、雄成虫的体长、性腺的发育和虫体对宿主的致病力与正常途径感染者无明显差异。     

盐城地区绿化带金森女贞枯死原因分析及治理对策

近几年来,江苏省盐城市亭湖区西环路及省道331两侧的金森女贞出现大面积枯死,重害地块植株枯死率超过80%,为了寻找诱发植株枯死的原因,系统地对重害地块及正常地块的土壤养分、土壤理化性质、浇灌用水化学性质与地下水化学性质等环境因素进行了取样分析。结果表明,诱发植株枯死的主要原因为移栽施工时浇灌用水的含盐量过高。通过单因子试验发现,去除钵壳、搭防晒网遮阳、适当浅植、下雨后及时除草松土能显著提高成活率,移植时用100～500 mg/L的Fe-SO4溶液浇灌1～2次,能进一步提高成活率。     

连香树快速繁殖及生根过程中内源激素含量的测定

以种子为外植体对连香树的快速繁殖进行了研究,同时测定生根过程中内源激素含量的变化。结果表明:连香树种子的最佳消毒方法为0.1%升汞消毒6 min;最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+GA31.0 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7.0g/L+pH 6.0;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7.0 g/L+pH 6.0;高浓度IAA,低浓度GA3、CTK、ABA有利于连香树组培苗不定根的形成。     

东亚砂藓Cu/Zn SOD基因的克隆及序列分析

[目的]对东亚砂藓(Rhacomitrunm japonicum)的Cu/Zn SOD基因进行克隆,并对其序列进行分析。[方法]利用RT-PCR技术获得东亚砂藓Cu/Zn SOD基因的cDNA,同时对该序列进行生物信息学分析。[结果]东亚砂藓Cu/Zn SOD基因cDNA长565 bp,包含一个长为465 bp的ORF,编码154个氨基酸残基,预测的该蛋白的分子量为15.5 kD,理论等电点为5.77,负电荷残基(Asp+Glu)总数为18个,正电荷残基(Arg+Lys)总数为12个,不稳定系数是13.36;其编码的氨基酸序列包含了5个蛋白保守区,均为铜锌超氧化物歧化酶超家族所有;Blastn比对表明东亚砂藓Cu/Zn SOD基因与毛尖紫萼藓、小立碗藓相关基因的同源性高达99%和82%。[结论]该研究为进一步研究紫萼藓科植物的抗旱性及苔藓Cu/Zn-SOD在抗非生物胁迫方面的功能提供了理论依据与基础。