Root competition for phosphorus between coconut, multipurpose trees and Kacholam (Kaempferia galanga L.) in Kerala, India

The magnitude of root competition 17 year-old coconut palms suffer from three year-old inter-planted multipurpose trees, Vateria indica L., Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston. or Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. and kacholam (Kaempferia galanga L.), a herbaceous medicinal plant, was evaluated based on the extent of absorption of applied ³²P by the palms in sole and mixed crop situations. The multipurpose tree (MPT) species were grown under two planting geometries (single row and double row). The hypothesis that, when grown together, widespread root proliferation of coconut and multipurpose trees occurs in the well-fertilised kacholam beds was tested by root excavation. Interplanted MPTs substantially altered absorption of ³²P by coconut. Both Ailanthus and Vateria exerted a modest depressing effect, while Grevillea enhanced ³²P uptake by coconut. Single rows of MPTs also favoured ³²P recovery by coconut, presumably because of the increased root densities in the subsoil. Ailanthus, Vateria and Grevillea absorbed substantial ³²P. Overall, high ³²P absorption in the coconut-Grevillea plots indicates complementary root-level interactions between these species. ³²P absorption by MPTs was generally higher closer to the trees owing to the greater root concentration of the MPTs, which in turn suggests possible root interference between MPTs and coconut. Hence selection of tree species with low root competitiveness and/or trees with complementary root interaction is of strategic importance in agroforestry. Kacholam showed substantial ³²P content in its foliage. This ³²P appears to have been translocated by coconut into the kacholam beds where new coconut roots were abundant. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

低排放的直喷式柴油机燃烧室形状的研究

针对６１１０直喷式柴油机进气系统和喷油系统的特点,设计了几种缩口燃烧室,研究了燃烧室形状对高压喷射直喷式柴油机性能和排放的影响规律,试验结果表明,缩口燃烧室有利于实现柴油机的动力性,经济性 和排放指标的折衷,特别是创造了氮氧化物排放和微粒排放同时降低的条件;大的底台体积和较长唇部的缩口燃烧室有利于延迟喷油,可以更加有利于氮氧化物和微粒排放的降低,喷油提前角和喷雾锥角决定着燃汪在燃烧室内的落点高度,     

兽用中草药注射剂的发展与方剂应用

我国有丰富的中草药资源和发展中草药剂的潜力。本文从中草药注射液品种开发与发展中草药注射液的技术问题,结合方剂的应用,试论我国兽用中草药注射剂当前发展的方向与其要点。     

Energy transmission process of combustion flame radiation in the tuyeres and raceways of blast furnaces

We developed a process model of flame beam transmission using pulverized coal powder and coke combustion in a raceway. We employed a Monte Carlo computation method equation based on charge couple devrce(CCD) target heat flow distribution for radiation heat transfer. We explored the factors impacting radiation transmission. Based on these, a three dimensional reconstruction was analyzed at varying coke particle concentrations. This model provided an effective method to produce on line monitoring of raceway working states.     

Grassland yield response to knife/tine slurry injection equipment – benefit or crop damage?

Slurry injection into grassland has advantages as it decreases ammonia losses, but may harm grassland plants. In two field experiments, four different types of knife/tine equipment were tested on three different grassland species (monocultures of red clover, perennial ryegrass and red fescue), with or without added mineral nitrogen (N), but without slurry application. During 2 years, in two separate experiments, the injection treatments were applied in spring or in summer to different plots. Crop damage was assessed by a range of methods. It was concluded that both the timing and the design of the knife/injector equipment had a significant influence on yield when used in grassland, with the greatest decrease in yield after spring use. Mean total yield over 2 years (no treatment = 100) for timing and species, with N added, was 94 (vertical knife), 92 (vertical and horizontal knife), 96 (double disc tine) and 94 (tubulator tine). With no N added, the relative yield decrease caused by equipment was less. Red fescue seemed to be a little more sensitive than the other species at spring treatment in one of the 2 years. Leaf area index could be useful for measuring crop damage.     

高取代度羧甲基茯苓多糖(CMP)的制备及其注射剂的研制

为研究高取代度羧甲基茯苓多糖(CMP)及其注射剂的制备工艺条件,以中药茯苓粉为原料,正交试验优化其羧甲基反应的工艺条件,并对所制备的多糖注射剂进行性能鉴定和药理学试验。结果表明：所获得的羧甲基茯苓多糖取代度高、纯度高,具有羧甲基反应特征,最优反应工艺条件为氯乙酸:氢氧化钠=1.15:1,反应温度75℃,反应时间3 h,此最优组合下羧甲基取代度(DS)值为1.21。所制备的多糖注射剂性状稳定、无毒、无热原性和无刺激性,安全可靠。羧甲基茯苓多糖具有直接抑制或杀死肿瘤细胞、增强巨噬细胞吞噬、调节机体免疫功能的药理作用。高取代度羧甲基茯苓多糖及其注射剂的研制可为丰富茯苓多糖的产品类型、拓宽应用范围及市场投入提供前期的理论基础。     

高压喷射条件下非常态燃油喷嘴内部空化流动特性

为了改善柴油机喷嘴出口处燃油液滴的破碎状态并增加初始湍动能,采用了180 MPa的高压燃油喷射。推导了受高压喷射影响时非常态燃油各个物性参数与压力之间的关系。搭建了高压定容器喷雾闪光摄影试验台架,在AVL FIRE软件平台上建立了喷油嘴喷孔内部流场的三维CFD模型,通过喷雾测试结果对仿真模型进行了修正。分析了喷孔内部气液两相流场的三维流态以及空化流动特性。结果表明,非常态燃油物性参数的变化有利于增强空化效应;增大燃油喷射背压对孔内的空化效应具有抑制作用;随着喷孔直径增加,燃油高速区域扩大,空化效应增强;增大喷射夹角也有利于增强空化效应,但效果不明显。     

流动注射钴离子催化化学发光法测定环境水体中痕量2-氯苯酚

在弱碱性介质中,过氧化氢能使发光试剂鲁米诺产生化学发光,Co2+对该化学发光体系具有很好的催化作用,2-氯苯酚的添加能增强该化学发光反应的发光信号,建立了测定2-氯苯酚的流动注射化学发光分析法。结果表明,2-氯苯酚产生的相对化学发光信号强度与其浓度在1.0×10-7~4.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为5.0×10-8 mol/L。线性方程为y=1 492.9x-1 292.9,R2=0.990 6,对浓度为4.0×10-6 mol/L的2-氯苯酚进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为2.98%。     

维生素B12注射液质量检验结果

对一批维生素B12 注射液进行了质量检验 ,其澄明度、灌装量、热原、无菌检查结果均符合注射液的规定 ;定性结果符合维生素B12 的特性 ;含量 98.9%± 0 .42 %。     

丁香酚注射液的含量测定和安全性试验

采用紫外分光光度法测定丁香酚注射液的含量,并选用小鼠、豚鼠、家兔进行了腹腔注射急性毒性试验、刺激性与过敏性试验、溶血试验和热源检查.结果表明,丁香酚在波长286.0 nm,20～98μg·mL-1范围内浓度与吸收度有良好的线性关系,其回收率为96.8%,RSD是1.3%;安全性试验证明丁香酚注射液毒性小、无刺激性、无溶血现象、无过敏反应、无致热源.因此,采用紫外分光光度法测定丁香酚注射液的方法可靠,含量稳定,简单准确,安全检查符合药典规定,为临床研究提供了可靠依据.