绵羊精子提取物对卵母细胞的孤雌激活作用

研究了绵羊精子提取物对绵羊卵母细胞的孤雌激活作用,确定了绵羊精子提取物的最佳注射剂量,并将其孤雌激活效果与离子霉素联合6-DM AP法的激活效果进行了比较。结果表明,绵羊精子提取物对绵羊卵母细胞有孤雌激活作用,最佳注射剂量为每个绵羊卵母细胞注入2~4 pL浓度5~6 m g/mL的绵羊精子提取物;绵羊精子提取物的孤雌激活效果与离子霉素联合6-DM AP法的激活效果差异不显著。     

丙硫咪唑缓释注射液对小鼠旋毛虫病的效果

试验采用１２０只小鼠，每只感染１１６条脱囊幼虫。用于治疗的９６只１１、鼠分为４×４组，分别按旋毛虫的４个不同发育阶段分别１次肌肉注射３０，５０，７５和１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）丙硫咪唑缓释注射剂，结果肠内脱囊期幼虫减少均为１００％；肠内成虫减少率分别为７９％，９０．３％，９４．３％和９９．２％；移行期幼虫减少率分别为８７．２２％，８９．９４％，９３．１６％和９５．２４％；成囊期幼虫减少率分别为９０．５％，９４．４８％，１００％和９４．１８％。各治疗组与对照组比较均有极显著差异。试验结果表明，按３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）～１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）剂量给小鼠１次肌肉注射丙硫咪唑缓释注射剂，对各发育阶段的旋毛虫均有显著的杀虫效果。使用该制剂具有用药量小，疗效高，给药次数少，使用安全等优点。     

低压空气辅助缸内直喷汽油机进气道设计

以2.0L四气门进气道喷射汽油机为样机,设计低压空气辅助缸内直喷汽油机,运用CFD仿真技术与气道稳流试验相结合对其进气道进行设计.建立了原进气道喷射汽油机进气道的三维仿真模型并进行计算和分析,表明气道流通能力不够强,有强滚流运动;气道内部三维流场分析结果说明部分区域存在气体滞留现象,通过气道稳流试验台对仿真结果进行了验证.根据低压空气辅助直喷汽油机对缸内气流运动特性的要求,在CFD仿真软件中对进气道结构进行了优化,通过调整气门杆附近的截面积、削弱滚流强度,提高了进气道的流通能力,同时改善了局部气流滞留现象.     

多级喷射对柴油机燃烧与NOx排放影响的数值模拟

基于KIVA-3V程序并应用引导喷射策略,对柴油机燃烧过程与NOx排放进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明：与传统的单级喷射相比,引导喷射可缩短主喷滞燃期,降低最高燃烧温度,从而降低NOx排放。若引导喷射提前角过小,则NOx排放降低较少;若引导喷射提前角过大,则NOx排放增加。在11°CA的引导喷射提前角、15%的引导喷射量和4°CA的主喷提前角下,NOx排放降低了约13%。     

Foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins following direct stem injection into white and green ash trees for control of emerald ash borer

BACKGROUND: Azadirachtins are natural insecticides derived from the neem tree. The emerald ash borer (EAB) is an exotic invasive insect pest that infests various ash tree species and has the potential for significant economic, aesthetic and ecological impacts throughout North America. The initial translocation and foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins were examined following direct injection into white and green ash trees growing in urban scenarios as a potential control for EAB. RESULTS: Substantial concentrations of azadirachtins A and B [mean maxima > 0.98 mg kg^?1 fresh weight (f.w.)] were observed within 2 days of injecting a specifically designed formulation of azadirachtins. Foliar residues declined exponentially through time, with half‐life estimates ranging from 5.1 to 12.3 days. At the time of leaf senescence, foliar residue levels approximated 0.01 mg kg^?1 f.w., strongly mitigating the potential effects of non‐target biota in soil or aquatic compartments. CONCLUSION: The magnitude and duration of exposures observed in this field study were considered to be above the thresholds required for biological effectiveness against both larval and adult life stages of EAB. Results support the use of azadirachtins as an environmentally acceptable systemic insecticide for control of EAB and protection of high‐value ash trees in urban environments. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

重组乳酸乳球菌的异常毒性评价

[目的]评价重组乳酸乳球菌的异常毒性,为其制备黏膜免疫活载体疫苗及免疫型微生态制剂提供理论支持。[方法]给小白鼠腹腔注射不同剂量的表达金黄色葡萄球菌纤黏蛋白原凝集素A(ClfA)的重组乳酸乳球菌MG1363/pMG36c-clf A菌液,评价重组乳酸乳球菌的异常毒性。[结果]注射高、中、低剂量重组乳酸乳球菌液的各组小白鼠7 d内无一死亡,体重增长正常。[结论]重组乳酸乳球菌对机体未见异常毒性,适合制备黏膜免疫基因工程活载体疫苗和免疫型微生态制剂。     

夏枯草注射液抗炎和抗菌作用的研究

为研究夏枯草注射液的抗炎及抗菌作用,用二甲苯、蛋清分别造成小鼠和大鼠炎症模型来考察夏枯草注射液的抗炎作用,通过体外、体内抑菌试验来评价其抗菌作用。结果显示,夏枯草注射液能显著抑制Z-甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀和对蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀,体外抗菌试验表明该注射液对痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌、溶血性链球菌有较好的抑菌作用,并对腹腔注射肺炎双球菌ATCC27853引起小鼠死亡有保护作用。夏枯草注射液具有抗炎、抗菌作用,可为该药的临床应用与机制研究提供理论依据。     

Protective effect of Huangqi injection combined with puerarin injection on myocardium of type 2 diabetes mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of Huangqi injection combined with puerarin injection on the myocardium of the mice with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:Diabetic KKAy mice were randomly divided into model group and treatment group (Huangqi injection combined with puerarin injection). The male KKAy mice of the same age were used as control group. All mice were sacrificed at 21, 24 and 28 weeks. Morphological changes of the myocardium were observed by HE staining. Apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes was measured by TUNEL staining. The mRNA levels of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78), C/EBP hoinologous protein (CHOP) and p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) were detected by real-time PCR, and the protein levels of GRP78, CHOP, PUMA, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-9, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved PARP were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, partly dissolved sarcoplasm and necrosis were observed in model group, and these lesion were alleviated in treatment group. Obvious increased apoptosis in model group and significantly decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in treatment group was observed (P<0.05). At 21, 24 and 28 weeks, the mRNA and protein levels of GRP78, CHOP and PUMA and the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP in model group were increased significantly as compared with control group (P<0.01), and these in treated group were decreased compared with model group. CONCLUSION:Huangqi injection combined with puerarin injection has cardioprotective effects on type 2 diabetes mice and its mechanism of the action was implemented via inhibiting the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase pathway, thus resulting in suppressed apoptosis.     

蟾酥注射液对马立克氏病疫苗的保护作用

为了研究蟾酥注射液对马立克氏疫苗的保护作用,通过蟾酥注射液对T淋巴细胞增殖率的影响,说明其在细胞免疫水平中的作用;通过蟾酥注射液对B淋巴细胞增殖率的影响,说明其在体液免疫水平中的作用;通过蟾酥注射液对白细胞数量的影响,说明其在非特异性免疫方面的作用;通过蟾酥注射液对巨噬细胞吞噬力的影响,说明其在特异性免疫与非特异性免疫中的作用;通过蟾酥注射液对血清超氧化物歧化酶活力的影响,说明其作为调节剂与马立克疫苗联合使用,具有抗氧化的作用或提高超氧化的作用;通过蟾酥注射液对雏鸡抗体效价的影响,说明其对马立克疫苗抗体产生具有增强的作用;通过蟾酥注射液对免疫器官指数的影响,说明其具有促进免疫器官发育的作用。