不同海拔下甲醇替代率和主喷正时对RCCI发动机性能的影响

为探究不同海拔条件下甲醇/柴油反应活性控制压燃（reactivity controlled compression ignition, RCCI）发动机的运行特性,该研究基于甲醇/柴油双燃料发动机试验台架,试验研究1 800r/min、100%负荷和3 200r/min、100%负荷下不同甲醇替代率、柴油喷射正时对发动机燃烧与排放性能的影响规律。结果表明：不同海拔条件下随着甲醇替代率的增加,缸压和瞬时放热率峰值逐渐升高,燃烧始点和燃烧中心前移,当量有效燃油消耗率（equivalent brake specific fuel consumption, ESFC）降低,有效热效率升高,NO_x和碳烟排放大幅降低,THC（total hydrocarbons）和CO排放增加。1 800 r/min、100%负荷工况下,甲醇替代率由0增至20%,0、1 000、2 000m海拔下最大缸压平均增加1.72MPa,瞬时放热率峰值平均升高25.08J/(°),ESFC平均降低4.67%,有效热效率平均升高4.90%,NO_x和碳烟排放分别平均降低16.63%和50%,THC和CO排放量分别平均增加142.03、388.18 mg/kg。3 200 r/min下甲醇替代率由0增至7%,不同海拔高度下ESFC平均降低1.76%,有效热效率平均升高1.79%,NO_x和碳烟排放量分别平均降低8.17%和20.70%。海拔高度由0升至2 000m,1 800r/min、20%甲醇替代率与3 200r/min、7%甲醇替代率下,瞬时放热率峰值分别降低4.80和8.08J/(°),燃烧中心分别推迟1.44°和1.43°,有效热效率分别降低0.82%和0.68%,ESFC分别升高2.10%和1.99%,NO_x排放量分别减少10.61%和7.35%,碳烟排放分别增加26.54%和32.12%,THC排放分别升高29.88%和15.45%,CO排放量分别增加22.42%和18.15%。固定甲醇替代率后,随着柴油主喷正时提前,不同海拔条件下缸压和放热率峰值逐渐升高,燃烧中心向上止点靠近,ESFC逐渐降低,有效热效率升高,碳烟排放减少,NO_x、THC和CO排放增加。1 800 r/min、15%甲醇替代率下,主喷正时从-1.5°提前至-7.5°,不同海拔高度下ESFC平均降低8.27%,有效热效率平均升高9.08%,碳烟排放平均减少90.94%。为提升高海拔条件下甲醇/柴油RCCI发动机的热效率和燃油经济性,可以适当增大柴油主喷正时。研究结果可为不同海拔环境下甲醇/柴油RCCI发动机燃烧与污染物排放控制优化提供参考。     

Injection of the insertion of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses using radiographic guidance

Insertional tendinopathies of the DDFT have been reported both as the sole lesion and as part of a multifocal lesion (Dyson et al. 2003). Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging allow specific diagnosis of deep digital flexor tendon lesions within the hoof capsule; however, direct intralesional treatment of such lesions is difficult because of the hoof's rigid structure. A technique designed to mimic intralesional injection of insertional tendinopathies of the DDFT in the standing horse using radiographic guidance was assessed. Radiographic and contrast CT imaging and sectioning of the limbs confirmed accurate injection in all cases although inadvertant administration of injectate into adjacent structures was also evident.     

Retrospective evaluation of urethral bovine cross-linked collagen implantation for treatment of urinary incontinence in female dogs

Background: Transurethral collagen injections are an alternative treatment for canine urinary incontinence. There is controversy regarding the long‐term effectiveness of collagen and the impact urethral coaptation and injection site have on outcome. Hypothesis/Objectives: To evaluate outcome and client satisfaction after urethral collagen injections, and correlation between degree of urethral coaptation and collagen placement with outcome. Animals: Thirty‐six procedures on 31 dogs, 10 with ureteral ectopia. Methods: Retrospective review of records and video evaluation of injection procedures. Follow‐up communication with owners was performed between 1 and 56 months after bovine cross‐linked collagen implantation to evaluate duration of continence, need for additional medical therapy, and owner satisfaction. Continence score was evaluated before and after the procedure, and after additional medical therapy, if needed. Injection location and degree of urethral coaptation was assessed with respect to duration of continence. Results: Dogs had a significant increase in continence score after the procedure. Mean (SD) duration of continence in dogs without addition of medication was 16.4 (15.2) months, and 5.2 (4.3) months in dogs needing additional medical therapy. No significant difference was found with respect to degree of coaptation. Median client satisfaction with the procedure was 100%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Transurethral collagen implantation may be a viable option for treatment of female dogs with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence, particularly after medical failure. Duration and degree of improvement are variable. Client satisfaction was excellent despite lack of complete continence in some dogs, and highlights the importance of discussing outcome expectations with owners.     

黄芪注射液对犬心脏双向变时作用的初步观察

为了观察黄芪注射液对正常犬和二尖瓣关闭不全病理模型 (MR)犬的变时作用 ,并探讨其机制 ,在异氟烷吸入麻醉下 ,对正常及外科方法制作的犬亚急性二尖瓣关闭不全模型 (术后 5 0天后 )一次性静脉推注含生药 2 g/ m L的黄芪注射液 1 .2 5 m L/ kg,通过体表心电图测定心率和 PQ、QRS、RR、QT,并计算 QTC(QT/ RR)间期。在正常犬 ,开始注射黄芪注射液后 ,心率出现先减少后恢复再持续减少和显著变化。 MR模型犬开始注射液后 ,心率出现先升高后恢复再持续升高的显著变化。 MR模型犬的心率减慢变化与 RR、PQ、QT、QTc呈高度显著负相关 (P<0 .0 1 )。表明黄芪注射液对正常比格犬 ,具有加快心率的正性变时作用。对二尖瓣闭锁不全 (MR)模型犬具有减缓心率的负性变时作用。黄芪注射液的变时作用似与机体的机能状态有关 ,呈现双向调节作用。     

从成分差异看鲜、干鱼腥草注射液

鲜、干鱼腥草的成分差异必然影响到成品注射液的质量。实验表明：鲜鱼腥草采摘后24h内及时蒸馏釜蒸馏是批间成分相同质量可控的前提,可以避免各种不良反应,保证注射液的安全有效。     

夏枯草注射液抗炎和抗菌作用的研究

为研究夏枯草注射液的抗炎及抗菌作用,用二甲苯、蛋清分别造成小鼠和大鼠炎症模型来考察夏枯草注射液的抗炎作用,通过体外、体内抑菌试验来评价其抗菌作用。结果显示,夏枯草注射液能显著抑制Z-甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀和对蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀,体外抗菌试验表明该注射液对痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌、溶血性链球菌有较好的抑菌作用,并对腹腔注射肺炎双球菌ATCC27853引起小鼠死亡有保护作用。夏枯草注射液具有抗炎、抗菌作用,可为该药的临床应用与机制研究提供理论依据。     

Nematode burdens of pastured cattle treated once at turnout with eprinomectin extended-release injection

The efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (ERI) formulation was evaluated against infections with third-stage larvae or eggs of gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes in cattle under 120-day natural challenge conditions in a series of five studies conducted in the USA (three studies) and in Europe (two studies). For each study, 30 nematode-free (four studies) or 30 cattle harboring naturally acquired nematode infections (one study) were included. The cattle were of various breeds or crosses, weighed 107.5–273 kg prior to treatment and aged approximately 4–11 months. For each study, animals were blocked based on pre-treatment bodyweight and then randomly allocated to treatment: ERI vehicle (control) at 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight or Eprinomectin 5% (w/v) ERI at 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight (1.0 mg eprinomectin/kg) for a total of 15 and 15 animals in each group. Treatments were administered once on Day 0 by subcutaneous injection in front of the shoulder. In each study, all animals grazed one naturally contaminated pasture for 120 days. At regular intervals during the studies, fecal samples from all cattle were examined for nematode egg and larval counts. In four studies pairs of tracer cattle were used to monitor pasture infectivity at 28-day intervals before and/or during the grazing period. All calves were weighed before turnout onto pasture and at regular intervals until housing on Day 120. For parasite recovery, all study animals were humanely euthanized 27–30 days after removal from pasture.     

不同剂量伊曲康唑制剂对犬血常规及肝肾功能的影响

旨在评价不同剂量伊曲康唑-环糊精制剂通过皮下注射途径对健康比格犬肝肾功能及血常规的影响.选用体重±10 kg的健康纯种比格犬32只,按试验要求随机分为4组,每组8只,建立稳定的生活制度.分别按照0.25 mg/kg、0.75 mg/kg和1.25 mg/kg剂量,皮下注射伊曲康唑制剂,3日1次,连续7次,对照组注射生理...     

滴度及注射方式对2型腺相关病毒载体表达效果的影响

由于腺相关病毒载体(adeno-associated viral vector,AAV)本身的侵染不具有神经元特异性,其在神经系统相关研究中会存在侵染范围不符合试验要求的情况,因此本试验拟研究不同滴度和注射方式对病毒侵染范围的影响.结果显示,在注射较高滴度的AAV2-CMV-EGFP(1.3×101 mg/L)3周后,...     

板蓝根注射液的HPLC特征图谱研究

目的：建立板蓝根注射液HPLC特征图谱。方法：色谱柱为Waters Atlantis T3(5μm,4.6×250mm),以甲醇为流动相A,以水为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱;流速为0.8ml/min;柱温为30℃;检测波长为250nm。结果：板蓝根注射液的色谱图基本相同,检出特征共有峰有9个。结论：该方法简便,灵敏度高,重复性好,结果准确可靠,可作为板蓝根注射液有效的鉴别和质量评价方法。