Assessment of Boron Application in Chestnuts: Nut Yield and Quality

A field trial was conducted between 2006 and 2009 in order to quantify the effect of boron (B) application on the yield and quality of chestnuts. The trial was established in an acid soil derived from siliceous schist and two levels of B were applied. Fruit abortion and nut yield per tree were measured, and nut quality parameters and chemical composition of the kernel were determined. Foliar B concentration was 8.6 mg kg^?1 in the control trees and 48.4 mg kg^?1 in fertilized chestnuts. Boron improved fruit setting and promoted nut production by 77%. In 2008, the occurrence of cold temperatures enhanced the effect of B on fruit setting, which was four-fold, whereas with the normal temperatures of 2009 the increase was lower. The drought of 2009 was responsible for the ruinous chestnut caliber and shell cracking. Boron induced a significant increase in the crude fat of chestnut kernel.     

菌材树种及用量对甘孜州野生乌天麻无性繁殖的影响

研究不同菌材树种、菌材用量对甘孜州野生乌天麻(Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow)无性繁殖的影响。结果表明,菌材树种对甘孜州野生乌天麻无性繁殖的产量和箭麻折干率均有极显著影响,刺叶栎类材质紧密树种所培养的天麻的产量和折干率极显著高于白桦类材质疏松树种;菌材用量对甘孜州野生乌天麻无性繁殖产量有极显著影响,但对箭麻折干率无影响。     

板栗速生丰产栽培技术

采用营养袋育苗,大塘底肥移栽板栗幼苗,成活率可达98％以上,与其他方法相比,成活率提高明显;选择适宜的时间和方法进行嫁接,并结合有效的综合管理措施,嫁接后第一年即有部分植株开花,第三年全部植株开始少量挂果,7年生树平均株产接近实生成年树,比其他方法提前约2年左右,与实生繁殖相比,嫁接繁殖的平均挂果率可提高11．2个百分点。     

修剪对二次结实板栗生长发育的影响

就不同修剪强度对二次结实板栗生长发育的影响作了试验研究,结果表明对于板栗结果母枝的修剪以1/3、1/4和1/2修剪强度能极显著减少雄花数量,1/4和去顶处理具增加雌花数量效应,1/3、1/4和去顶处理均具一定的抑制新梢伸长生长和促进枝粗生长作用,1/4修剪强度和去顶处理具增加第一次结蓬数量效应,1/2修剪处理则使二次结实板栗结蓬数量大大降低,此外,随修剪强度的增加其第二次结蓬数也增加,至1/3修剪强度时达到峰值.     

板栗超补偿力的研究

板栗极易遭受剪枝栎实象Cyllorhynchites ursulus(Roel．)的严重危害，为探讨其危害损失程度，在舒城县城冲乡板栗林区，进行了模拟害虫危害和控制虫口自然危害试验。结果表明：板栗具有超补偿力。10a生板栗，疏苞率在5％～23％时，平均单粒增重量为0．4～2．4g之间，疏苞率在5％～17％时，平均单株增产2．41％～6．88％；疏苞率在19％～23％时，平均单株减产1．60％～6．36％；在22a生板栗林，控制单株雌成虫量在1～2头危害时，平均单株增产2．75％～5．39％，但在3～6头危害时，平均单株减产1．09％～24．30％。     

优良板栗新品种节节红选育研究

1993年，在对安徽省板栗种质资源调查过程中发现-实生优株。经无性繁殖测定和多年观察，其成花力强，雌花最大，早实、丰产、优质、耐修剪，抗逆性强。果实成熟期早(8月下旬)，坚果大，果色油亮诱人。幼树重截后抽枝结实成熟期迟(11月下旬)，耐贮藏，品质优，商品价值高。     

Occurrence and distribution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora</Emphasis> species in European chestnut stands,and their association with Ink Disease and crown decline

The Phytophthora complex associated with Castanea sativa Mill. was investigated in five European countries in 35 regions and with respect to various domestication levels. Annual precipitation and length of drought season were the main parameters that regulated the presence of Phytophthora species in the chestnut stands. Seven species of Phytophthora were detected; three of these, P. megasperma, P. cryptogea and P. syringae had not been previously reported on sweet chestnut. P. cinnamomi. P. cambivora and P. citricola were most frequently isolated. P. cinnamomi and P. cambivora were the species significantly associated with declining trees with symptoms of Ink Disease. P. cinnamomirequired distinct ecological conditions compared to the other species. P. cinnamomi was never detected in sites characterized by minimum temperatures below 1.4 °C, maximum temperature above 28 °C, or soil pH below 5.4. The results obtained provide useful information for modeling the probability of Ink Disease, crown decline and associated Phytophthora species in chestnut groves in global climatic change scenarios.     

板栗种仁中总酚酸的提取纯化工艺研究

[目的]建立富集板栗种仁中高纯度总酚酸的方法.[方法]以没食子酸为对照品,采用分光光度法测定板栗种仁中总酚酸含量;以总酚酸含量为指标,对提取方法进行系统研究;以总酚酸的得率和精制度为考察指标,研究大孔树脂吸附纯化提取物的工艺条件及参数.[结果]用体积分数为75％的乙醇回流提取的总酚酸获得较高的提取率,通过HPD-826型大孔树脂纯化后,总酚酸得率的质量分数达到83.6％以上,体积分数为70％的乙醇洗脱液总固物中总酚酸的质量分数达到58.1％以上.[结论]采用此种提取及精制方法,可较好地提取纯化板栗种仁中的总酚酸.     

红天麻箭麻发育进程中天麻素和多糖含量的变化规律研究

[目的]研究红天麻箭麻在不同发育阶段的天麻素和天麻多糖含量的相关性规律,确定其品质特征,为红天麻GAP质量控制提供科学依据。[方法]在川天麻主产区采集传统主流红天麻品系箭麻块茎样品,在原产地室内采用原位动态沙藏法贮藏箭麻;在采样后沙藏10、80、95、175和220 d分别采集天麻块茎样品,采用高效液相色谱法和苯酚-硫酸比色法分别测定天麻素含量和天麻多糖含量,并运用SPSS17.0版统计软件分析在红天麻箭麻不同发育阶段进程中天麻素和天麻多糖含量的相关性规律。[结果]川产红天麻箭麻块茎的天麻素和天麻多糖的平均含量分别为0.36%和8.17%;随着天麻沙藏休眠期-萌动期-抽茎开花-果实成熟至腐烂发育阶段进程增加,红天麻箭麻块茎的天麻素和天麻多糖含量下降,且呈极显著的负相关(P<0.001),其回归方程分别为:天麻素y1=-2E-08x3-1E-06x2-0.0001x+0.365(R2=0.996),天麻多糖y2=-5E-07x3-1E-06x2-0.008x+8.267(R2=0.996)。[结论]红天麻箭麻品质较优良,其块茎沙藏发育进程和品质下降密切相关,开花后空心和腐烂的红天麻块茎不宜作药用和制药原料。     

锥栗溃疡病的化学防治

应用8种化学农药对福建锥栗溃疡病进行化学防治,结果表明,不同药剂不同浓度处理后,锥栗溃疡病病斑抑制率、病斑愈合率和绝对防治率均存在显著差异。不同处理中,25％溃疡灵可湿性粉剂200、400倍液和80％代森锌可湿性粉剂200倍液的绝对防治率较好,分别达到869．6％、633．4％和385．3％。8种药剂的3种浓度中,80...