大类招生下机械电子工程专业学生实践和创新能力的研究与应用

文章从学生实践能力和创新能力两个核心能力培养方面进行了理论研究与实践探索。首先简要介绍了专业概况与研究背景,然后对几个核心概念进行了定义与解释,最后结合齐齐哈尔大学的一些做法与经验提出了大类招生下机械电子工程专业学生实践和创新能力培养的建议。     

A Method of Adaptive Fuzzy Classfication on Rockmass Blast Ability

This paper presents a series of targets which are usefull for engineering.The paper also presents an adaptive weight function according to the fail mechanism of rockmass and a fuzzy aynthetic evaluation medel on rockmass blast ability.The model is applied to evaluate the blast ability of rockmass in an engineering and the result shows that the model is effective.     

促芽肥与杂交中稻再生力关系及其作用机理

１９９１－１９９３年以２个杂交中稻品种为材料，研究了促芽肥与杂交中稻再生力关系及其作用机理。结果表明，促芽肥不能提高到２、倒３节位活芽率，可提高倒４、５位活芽率。促芽肥对再生力的效果与母茎 鞘干物质重有关，当母茎鞘干物质过大或过小时，促芽肥的作用极小。     

创新教学方法培养创新人才

培养具有创新能力的优秀人才是对高等教育的本质要求：学生创新能力的培养具有多种方式，其中，创新教学方法是培养创新人才的一种有效途径。我们在农业工程类专业课程教学中，积极进行教学方法的创新，鼓励学生进行自主性教学活动，提高了学生的创新能力，收到了很好效果。     

《工程图学》与素质教育

《工程图学》以“图”为核心,图必构物,源于工程。其学习过程由直觉到抽象、由感性到理性、由理性到实践,是“素质教育”增长点、“多种思维”交错点、“创新思维”生长点、“创造智能”发展点、“完善人格”着力点及“创新能力”持续点,对培养发展学生的完善人格和创新能力,具有其他学科不可替代的作用。     

注重农产品加工业发展提升我国农业竞争力

农业是国民经济的基础产业,提升农业竞争力是实现农业现代化的重要举措。本文系统地分析了农业竞争力的内涵、意义及其存在的问题,提出注重发展农产品加工业,从而提升农业竞争力。     

2BCM-6型茬地免耕半精量播种机的研制

根据新疆气候特征，种植业特点，土壤特性，设计研制了2BCM一6型茬地免耕半精量播种机。主要介绍了工作部件的设计、工作原理、技术指标等。2BCM—6型茬地免耕半精量播种机通过性能实验，达到了设计要求。     

陕西省几种黄土性土壤钾吸附固定动力学研究

采用平衡法研究了陕西省 4种黄土性土壤钾吸附固定的动力学性质。结果表明 :1黄土性土壤不同土类钾吸附固定量、吸附固定速度及平衡时间差异很大。土娄 土粘化层和黑垆土埋藏腐殖质层的钾吸附固定量约为耕层的 2倍 ,陕南黄褐土的钾吸附固定量仅次于 土娄 土粘化层 ,黄绵土的钾吸附固定量最小 ;2供试土壤不同时段的钾吸附固定速度随时间的衰减变化符合 Vt=A Blnt模型 ,衰减速率因土类而异 ;3供试土壤钾吸附固定过程符合 Elovich方程和一级扩散方程 ;4供试土壤钾吸附固定过程分为快、中、慢三个阶段或快、慢两个阶段 ,快反应约在 4 0 h完成 ,吸附固定钾量达总量的 64 %～ 93 % ,所用时间仅占总时间的 1 2 %～ 4 3 %。     

Relay-intercropping soybean with maize maintains soil fertility and increases nitrogen recovery efficiency by reducing nitrogen input

Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.     

接种根瘤菌对西南地区大豆光合性能和固氮能力的影响

为探讨接种根瘤菌对西南地区大豆固氮能力的有效性,在大田试验条件下,以根瘤菌株 Bradyrhizobium japonicum5038和B. japonicum 5136侵染南黑豆20和南夏豆25,比较两个大豆品种接种后植株的光合特性和叶绿素 含量,考察根瘤数量并测定分析其蔗糖含量、豆血红蛋白含量和固氮酶活性。结果表明：接种后两大豆品种叶片 chla/b值显著下降,叶绿素含量、净光合速率和气孔导度显著增加;根瘤数、单株瘤重、植株地上部和地下部生物量 均显著增加,单个瘤重和根冠比则无显著变化;根瘤内蔗糖含量和豆血红蛋白含量均显著增加,固氮酶活性提高。 不同大豆品种对不同菌株的响应不同,南夏豆25与根瘤菌B.japonicum5136的适配性最好,接种后大豆光合性能和 固氮能力的改善效果明显优于南黑豆20。