不同嫁接方式对茶花适应性影响

通过对3个茶花品种的嫁接,选出了适合在重庆地区采用的最佳嫁接方式,并对嫁接成活后的植株进行了适应性研究,筛选出适合当地引种的品种,再对这些品种进行生物学特性的调查,以期对引种品种进行全面了解,为今后的研究和引种提供参考.     

刺股沟臀肖叶甲生物学特性

通过室内饲养和林间调查,研究刺股沟臀肖叶甲在油茶林发生的生物学特性。结果表明:该虫在福建1 a发生1代,成虫取食油茶叶片,幼虫在土壤中生活。翌年4月中旬越冬幼虫化蛹,4月下旬成虫始见,高峰期在5月中旬—6月中旬;每雌成虫可产卵35～100粒。垦复措施可降低油茶林的受害率。     

黔东南州油茶林害虫的群落组成及物种多样性

为给油茶害虫的防治提供依据,采用标准地调查法对贵州省黔东南州主要油茶产区油茶林害虫的群落结构、物种多样性和变化规律进行研究。结果表明:共采集到油茶害虫64种,隶属6目31科;油茶象分布广、危害重,是油茶的主要害虫,应进行重点防治。油茶害虫种类和数量在6月最高,天柱县和从江县油茶害虫物种多样性较高;人为干扰和农药的大量施用,使油茶成熟林的害虫多样性高于其他类型,但不同类型油茶林的害虫群落间相似性较低。     

珍稀濒危植物蒜头果传粉生物学研究

2003—2005年在广西巴马县对我国特有的珍稀濒危植物蒜头果花部形态特征、开花进程、繁育系统、访花者类别、访花行为和传粉效果进行了研究。结果表明:①蒜头果通常于4月初开花,花期约30 d,单花开放的持续时间约8 d,开花期间具有较为浓烈的香气。②蒜头果虽然具备自交亲和能力,但在自然环境中则以异花传粉为主,且需要传粉者;蒜头果不存在无融合生殖,其繁育系统属于混合交配型。③记录到蒜头果访花昆虫共有8目36科43种;经过鉴定,确定传粉昆虫有7目18科19种;昆虫的访花频率因昆虫的种类不同而有很大的差别,以蜂类的访花频率最高。④连续3年观察到的传粉昆虫种类不同,花期阴雨天气对昆虫访花活动和传粉效果的影响是蒜头果濒危的重要原因之一。      

油茶F_1代试验林优良杂交组合及亲本的选择

根据2003-2005年闽侯桐口林场的油茶杂交F1代试验林连续3 a的生长量调查数据,通过方差分析、LSD多重比较分析、相关系数分析、聚类分析等方法进行整理分析,筛选出10个高产果量处理和7个低产果量处理,作为优良品系和不良品系,并找出其对应杂交组合的亲本类型,判定其亲本为优良亲本、优良杂交组合和不良亲本、不良杂交组合。     

我国苦茶资源主要生化成分的鉴定评价(英文)

Bitter tea is a special kind of tea germplasm in China.The major biochemical components of 24 bitter teas and other 8 Camellia sinensis var.sinensis and 8 C.sinensis var.assamica tea germplasms,which were stored in the China National Germplasm Hangzhou Tea Repository(CNGHTR),were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that no significant differences of major biochemical components affecting the tea quality were found between bitter tea and common tea.According to the processing suitability index,bitter tea was suitable for the manufacturing of black tea;while according to evolutionary indices such as the composition and content of catechin,bitter tea was similar to C.sinensis var.assamica belonging to the relatively primitive type in evolution.The results of cluster analysis indicated that bitter tea was clustered with C.sinensis var.assamica,so it could be considered to belong to C.sinensis var.assamica.     

Productivity and nitrogen use of tea plantations in relation to age and genotype

Lack of science-based knowledge on responses of tea bushes to nitrogen (N) in ageing tea plantations hampers the development of ecologically sound and economically profitable N-management strategies. It is hypothesized that ageing of tea plantations lowers productivity and weakens the yield response to N application. To establish insight into the relationship between ageing, productivity and N-use efficiency, seasonal and annual responses to N were studied in field experiments superimposed on a chronosequence of tea plantations (14, 29, 43, and 76 years). The two youngest plantations comprised of a clonal cultivar planted at a density of 10,766 and 13,448 plants ha⁻¹ and the two oldest plantations of seedlings at a density of 6730 and 7179 plants ha⁻¹, respectively. N was applied as urea at 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹.Mean annual made tea (mt) yields were higher for the clonal tea compared to the seedling tea and increased with age within genotypes. The clonal bushes out-yielded the seedlings by about 800 kg mt ha⁻¹ under favourable weather conditions in 2003/2004, while yield differences between the genotypes were minimal under stress conditions in 2002/2003. The yields of the clonal 29- and 14-year-old plantations responded positively to N fertilizer, whereas the 43- and 76-year-old plantations did not. Within the clonal cultivar made tea yield and N uptake were closely associated. Apparent shoot N-recovery (ASNR) based on N uptake by ‘two leaves and a bud’ was higher in clonal than in seedling tea plantations. A simple N-balance sheet showed that N excess was strongly associated with the rate of N application and N uptake.The effect of plant genotype on productivity was greater than the effect of age. The genotypes (seedlings or a clonal cultivar) to a great extent determined the yield response to N. In a well-managed mature tea plantation of up to 80 years, ageing did not lower the yielding ability within the same genotype. Thus, planting improved genotypes and implementing appropriate N-management strategies are key factors to avoid the risk on decline of productivity and profitability associated with ageing and bush degradation. N-management strategies should be based on the yielding potential of tea bushes in the target environment as defined by plant genotype and age of plantations.     

镉胁迫对蒙山茶树生长及叶片生理指标的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究不同镉浓度对蒙山茶树生长及叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明:低浓度镉对茶树无明显毒害作用,当镉浓度达到60 mg/kg时,茶树植株受毒害基本死亡;春茶叶绿素含量加镉处理大多高于对照,其增加量先高后低;夏茶叶绿素总量随镉浓度的增加极显著降低,叶绿素含量与添加镉的量呈显著负相关,其相关系数r=-0.997;春茶、夏茶的丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量随镉处理浓度增加显著增加,其正相关系数分别为r=0.970,r=0.994(P<0.01);春茶游离脯氨酸含量随添加镉浓度的增加显著增加,相关系数r=0.829(P<0.05),夏茶游离脯氨酸在镉试验浓度下极显著增加,其相关系数r=0.980(P<0.01),且夏茶游离脯氨酸含量明显高于春茶;春茶可溶性糖都高于对照,其增加量先高后低.,相关系数为r=-0.342;夏茶可溶性糖呈下降趋势,其相关系数r=-0.909(P<0.05)。     

安吉白茶正常与白化叶片基因表达差异的初步研究

用mRNA差别显示技术(DDRT-PCR)研究了茶树温敏突变体——安吉白茶正常叶片和白化叶片的基因表达差异。从58个差异表达的片段中通过半定量RT-PCR鉴定出12个阳性片段,其中5个片段在正常叶片中特异表达,4个在白化叶片中特异表达,1个在绿色叶片中上调表达,2个在白化叶片中上调表达。通过与GenBank BLASTX比对分析,5个基因片段比对出相似序列,分别为拟南芥的血红素结合蛋白家族中心区域基因、甜菜的甲硫氨酸合酶基因、苜蓿的一个逆转座子基因、人类20号染色体上的一段3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶假基因和玫瑰的ACC合成酶基因,其余7个片段未比对上同源序列,可能为新基因。     

不同经营措施对油茶林生物产量的影响

本研究对湖南省桃源县不同经营措施的油茶林设置标准地、计算各器官鲜重,测算林木层生物量及其垂直分配,油茶各器官相对生长关系及油茶净光合经济指数。