茶树油粕中茶皂素的提取及其对果蔬采后致病菌的抑制作用

以从茶树油粕中提取茶皂素的得率为评价指标,研究提取溶剂、方法、时间、温度和料液比等因素对茶皂素得率的影响,并通过正交试验确定茶皂素最佳提取工艺条件,同时考察了所得茶皂素对几种果蔬采后致病菌的抑制作用。结果表明,茶树油粕中提取茶皂素的最佳工艺条件为:以75%乙醇作为提取溶剂,料液比1∶14(g/mL),85℃热回流提取2.5 h,茶皂素的得率达13.3%,经AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化后,纯度达95.64%。所获茶皂素对胶胞炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)和链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)菌丝的生长均有显著的抑制作用,半最大效应浓度(EC50)值分别为203.62、165.87和550.61mg·L^-1,其中以对B. cinerea的抑制作用最强。     

黄金茶CsDAM2基因克隆及其功能分析

休眠是通过植物体内相应基因的表达调控机制,使植物芽停止生长,以适应外界低温、短日照等不良环境条件的结果。茶芽打破休眠的早晚,密切关系到茶树经济生产的效益。为进一步掌握茶树芽休眠与解除的分子机理>本研究克隆了可能与黄金茶发芽早相关的转录因子(dormancy associated MADS-box CsDAM2),并在烟草中过表达CsDAM2,对CsDAM2转基因烟草和野生型烟草进行低温处理。结果表明,在相同处理条件下,随着温度的降低,同野生型烟草比较,转基因烟草电导率增加幅度小,并且叶绿素荧光值降低率低,说明在抗寒性能上,转基因烟草具有显著优势,进而一定程度上证实了 CsDAM2具有提髙茶树抗寒性的作用。本研究结果为进一步揭示茶树芽休眠与解除的分子机理提供了科学依据。     

不同氮源及微生物菌剂能提高油茶壳堆肥效果

为有效利用农林废弃物,开展对油茶壳堆肥效果的腐熟剂配方筛选试验。本研究利用正交试验设计将氮源和微生物菌剂进行混配成不同的处理,分别添加到油茶壳中进行堆沤发酵,使之腐熟后成为育苗基质。观察不同时间油茶壳腐熟的颜色、气味变化,测定腐熟过程中pH值、电导率(EC)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、C/N比等指标,对比分析添加不同氮源和微生物菌剂对油茶壳的腐熟效果,筛选出对油茶壳堆沤效果较好的腐熟剂配比。结果表明,在油茶壳堆体中添加氮源和微生物菌剂能加速堆体温度的升高,提高堆肥的肥料品质,有效促进种苗的生长发育。氮源是影响油茶壳腐熟发酵的主要因素,尿素比硫酸铵腐熟效果好,EM菌比酵素菌更能有效地促进油茶壳腐熟,C/N比为25∶1,比30∶1更容易腐熟。相比其他的氮源和微生物菌剂的处理,尿素+EM菌的组合对油茶壳的堆沤腐熟效果较好,成本低廉,能满足园林的育苗要求,可作为试验材料进行田间应用技术的研究与推广。本研究为进一步探索油茶壳堆肥腐殖化技术,为农林废弃物循环再利用和降低苗木栽培成本提供理论依据和技术指导。     

油茶芽苗砧嫁接的技术环节

从生产实际出发，评述了油茶芽苗砧嫁接技术在圃地选择，选种催芽，荫棚架设，接穗选取，嫁接，栽植，栽后管理等技术环节的应用及注意事项。     

赣南地区几种不同油茶种植发展模式的探索

油茶种植是发展油茶产业的基础,其运作模式不是千篇一律,而应该根据各地实际情况,探索不同的油茶种植发展模式。本文针对赣南油茶种植现状、农村经济特点、资源和环境条件等因素,在国内现有油茶发展模式的基础上,提出赣南油茶产业发展过程中可能运作的几种模式,并对不同模式进行比较分析,旨在为赣南油茶产业发展提供一定的参考依据。     

北方设施条件下辣木及改良品种生长差异性分析

北方地区利用温室栽培辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)及其2个改良品种‘PKM1’和‘PKM2’,通过分析表观生长量、养分含量以及光合特性等指标的差异性,筛选适宜北方温室种植的辣木品种。结果表明:PKM1的高生长和增粗生长均显著快于辣木和PKM2(p0.05),在定干前(71 d)三者平均株高依次为115.7、80.2、81.0 cm,地径依次达17.47、13.27、15.08 mm。植株养分季节变化,PKM1养分状况要优于辣木和PKM2,在5月份,PKM1叶片中全氮(44.32 mg/g)、全钾(12.73 mg/g)含量显著高于其它2个品种(p0.05),全磷和可溶性糖含量品种间无显著性差异;7月份,PKM1可溶性糖显著高于其它2个品种;光合特性分析,3个品种在弱光条件下的光量子利用效率及光补偿能力差异不显著(p0.05),随着光强增加,光量子的转化能力出现显著性差异,PKM1的最大净光合速率(A_(max))显著高于辣木和PKM2(p0.05),最高达23.84μmol CO_2/(m~2·s)。可见,北方设施条件下,PKM1的生长速度、养分状况、光合能力均表现最好,较适宜北方温室栽培。     

乌龙茶种质资源种群遗传多样性AFLP评价

以银染法AFLP分子标记技术用5对引物组合对来自福建武夷山市、安溪县、台湾省和广东潮安县45份乌龙茶品种资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,5对引物扩增出208条多态性条带,多态性为92.03%;最大遗传距离为0.481,最小遗传距离为0.124,种质资源间遗传多样性估值较高,达0.311。按照地理分布分组分析表明,种群内遗传多样性以武夷山最高,其次为安溪乌龙茶种质资源,以台湾的乌龙茶种质资源遗传多样性最小;种群间遗传相似性,以武夷山与安溪种群间最高,达0.9505,以台湾和潮安县类型间的相似性最低,相似性系数为0.77。构建的种间和种群间进化树表明,可将45份乌龙茶品种划分为二大类型,福建类型和广东潮安类型。结合种群间相似系数,提出乌龙茶种质资源与其加工工艺的演化路径是一致的,也是由武夷山向安溪再向台湾传播。     

Volatile Compounds in Two Camellia chrysantha （Hu） Tuyama Species

In the study,the volatile compounds in two Camellia chrysantha （Hu） Tuyama species were extracted and analysed by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction （SDE） and gas chromatography mass spectrometry （GC-MS）,respectively.The relative contents of the chemical constituents in the volatile components were quantified by peak area normalization and NIST database.A total of 60 volatile components were identified,45 for Camellia nitidissima and 26 for Camellia euphlebia.Aldehydes and acids were the most dominant volatiles in Camellia nitidissima,but for Camellia euphlebia there were hydrocarbons and ketones.Hexanoic acid,4-（2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl）-3-buten-2-one,cis-2-decenal,4-[2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] hept-1-yl]-3-buten-2-one,phenylacetaldehyde,eicosane,alpha-ionone,geranylacetone 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro[4,5] deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dioi and tetradecanal were both in two Camellia chrysantha （Hu）Tuyama species.     

Dynamics of nitrogen translocation from mature leaves to new shoots and related gene expression during spring shoots development in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

The contribution of N remobilization is crucial for new shoots growth and quality formation during spring tea shoots development. However, the translocation mechanism of N from source leaves to sink young shoots is not well understood. In the present study, ¹⁵N urea was applied to mature tea leaves one week before bud break to track N remobilization in a field experiment. The dynamic changes in plant ¹⁵N abundance, contents of amino acids, and the expression levels of genes related to N metabolism and translocation were followed during the 18‐d development of new spring shoots until three expanding young leaves. The results showed that during the growth of new shoots the amount of ¹⁵N in the shoots increased, whereas the N_dff (N derived from ¹⁵N‐urea) in mature leaves decreased, showing that the foliar‐applied N in mature leaves was readily exported to new shoots. This process was found to be accompanied by decline of chlorophylls. In the mature leaves, expression CsATG18a and CsSAG12 involved in autophagy was dramatically induced (> 4‐fold) at approximately nine days after the bud breaking. The genes involved in the transformation of amino acids, including primarily CsGDH2, CsGDH4, CsGLT3, CsGS1;3, and CsASN2 were upregulated by > 3‐fold after bud breaking. The expression levels of CsATG8A, CsATG9, CsSAG12, CsGS1;1, CsGDH1, and CsAAP6 correlated negatively with the N_dff in mature leaves, but positively with ¹⁵N amount and total N amount in new shoots, suggesting these genes played important roles in N export from mature leaves. In the new shoots, the expression of most genes showed two defined peaks, one on six days and one on 12 days after bud breaking. The expression of CsGS2, CsASN3, CsGLT1, and CsAAP4 positively correlated with the ¹⁵N amount and total N amount in new shoots. These genes might be involved in the transport and re‐assimilation of N from mature leaves. The overall results demonstrated that the translocation of ¹⁵N from mature leaves to new spring shoots was regulated by the genes involved in autophagy, protein degradation, amino acid transformation and transport.     

油茶的生长特性及其功能价值

详述油茶的含义、生长特性,并综合相关研究成果,详细介绍了油茶及其加工产品的功能和价值。