油茶加工产业经营模式及其发展制约因素初探——以湖南省为例

以湖南省为例,在概述现有不同油茶加工经营模式的生产经营条件、经营情况及其存在问题的基础上,探讨了制约油茶加工产业发展的因素,并提出促进油茶加工产业发展的主要对策。     

生长激素对浙江红山茶扦插生根的影响

为筛选出浙江红山茶（Camellia chekiangoleosa）最佳扦插技术，采用不同扦插时期和不同植物生长激素进行扦插试验。结果表明，浙江红山茶的夏季和冬季扦插无显著性差异，而植物生长激素处理对浙江红山茶的成活率、平均生根数、平均根长、新梢长有显著影响（P<0.05）。10种激素处理中，效果最好的是 0.5 g/L 混合植物生长激素组合（80%IBA+20%NAA）。植物生长激素组合扦插效果优于NAA和IBA单独使用。     

山茶褪绿矮缩伴随病毒杭州分离物的序列和进化分析

正双生病毒(Geminivirus)是一类基因组为单链环状DNA的植物病毒,具有孪生的病毒粒子。国际病毒分类委员会(International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses,ICTV)最新的分类报告将双生病毒分为9个属[1]。随着测序技术的发展,利用小RNA或转录组测序可鉴定植物中的已知和未知病毒,新的双生病毒也不断被发现和鉴定[2]。山茶褪绿矮缩伴随病毒(Camellia chlorotic dwar     

Isolation and free radical scavenging activities of a novel biflavonoid from the shells of Camellia oleifera Abel.

Oil production from the seeds of Camellia oleifera Abel. causes a great waste of shells which contain a lot of bioactive components. The aim of this research was to isolate flavonoid from the shells of C. oleifera Abel. and evaluate its uses. The shells were extracted by 70% methanol, hydrolyzed by 2 M hydrochloric acid, and further crystallized in acetone, the corresponding yield of flavonoid was up to 2.1% (purity: 93.8%). The procedure is concise, quick and proper for industrial utilization of the shells. Flavonoid was identified as bimolecular kaempferol structure by UV, MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra, which is a new biflavonoid and first found in C. oleifera Abel. It showed stronger scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS radicals than kaempferol. MDA decreased, and SOD and GSH-Px activities increased significantly in serum (P < 0.01) and brain tissue (P < 0.05) of mice after intragastric administration of biflavonoid at 200 mg/kg/d for 30 d. Its effects in vivo are superior to vitamin C and similar to kaempferol. Thus biflavonoid can be used as a prospective antioxidant to protect brain cells against damage from free radicals.     

腾冲红花油茶苗期主要病害防治技术

对腾冲红花油茶苗期病害进行了3年的调查,确定茶饼病、茶立秙病、茶炭疽病、白绢病4种为苗期主要病害.对其病原、植株受害状况、传播途径、发病期等进行了论述,并提出了相应的农业、化学防治措施,认为在茶苗生严中应积极预防、及时防治,病害未发生时以农业预防和化学防治措施为主,病害发生后,应多种农药轮流施用或混合施用,以有效防止腾冲红花油茶苗期病害发生.     

不同茶梅品种杂交亲和性分析

为了解茶梅品种间杂交亲和性并为其亲本选择选配提供理论依据，以 12 个茶梅品种为材料，采用不规则配组法共配对 72 个组合，开展了花粉活力比较及杂交亲和性试验。结果表明，有 66 个杂交组合能结实（91.7%），每个组合平均结实率为28.63%，其中 14 对组合杂交亲和性强（结实率在 50%以上），并以‘晚霞’ב银元’的杂交亲和性最好（结实率达 100%），43 对组合杂交亲和性较强（结实率在 10.0%~46.2%），9 对组合的杂交亲和性较差（结实率低于 10%）；另有 6 对杂交组合无法获得杂交果实（8.3%）；花粉活力对杂交亲和性有一定的影响，但杂交亲和性与花粉活力没有必然的因果关系。供试茶梅品种中，‘有希’作为杂交父本或母本的亲和性均表现较强，‘乙女’、‘秋芍药’、‘昭和之荣’作为杂交母本的结实性较强，‘东红牡丹’、‘丹玉’、‘银元’、‘堪次郎’作杂交父本可增强母本结实性，‘晚霞’具有适合作杂交母本的单一偏向性。     

Genotypic variation in biochemical compounds of the Sri Lankan tea (Camellia sinensis L.) accessions and their relationships to quality and biotic stresses

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is well known for its biochemical constituents that define the product quality and confer pest and disease resistance. Seven major metabolites – epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECg), epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), caffeine, theobromine, and gallic acid – of 87 beverage type and six non-beverage type tea accessions from Sri Lankan tea germplasm were profiled using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. All seven metabolites varied widely in the beverage type accessions. The non-beverage types only contained gallic acid and epicatechin. Results prove the presence of high EC and ECg contents in green leaves to be a reliable marker for identifying high-quality black tea-producing accessions. High EC and low EGCg contents in green tea leaves appear to enhance traits of resistance to blister blight disease. Significant variations detected in theobromine, caffeine, and total polyphenol content define the affinity of germplasm to the main three tea taxa, and we conclude that C. sinensis ssp. lasiocalyx predominates the Sri Lankan germplasm collection.     

山茶“绿岛型”叶斑病——叶点霉引起的新病害

2016年在浙江省金华市山茶种植基地发现了一种“绿岛型”叶斑病，为明确其病原，采集病叶，分离和纯化病原菌，并进行光学显微镜观察、致病性测定和ITS序列分析。结果表明：分离纯化获得的病原菌接种到健康山茶植株上，出现的病害症状与田间症状表现一致，确定其为致病菌。病原菌有拟球形带孔口的分生孢子器，分生孢子大多梨形，具粘质鞘和附属丝，分生孢子器和分生孢子的形态与叶点霉一致。待测菌株rDNA-ITS序列与NCBI库中相关菌株ITS序列同源性比较结果显示，该菌株与 Phyllosticta capitalensis的同源性达99%。因此，确定山茶“绿岛型”叶斑病病原菌为叶点霉Phyllosticta capitalensis。     

茶树抗寒调控转录因子 ICE1 密码子偏性分析

 运用CHIPS、CUSP 和CodonW 软件程序分析自主克隆的茶树（Camellia sinensis）ICE1（GenBank 登录号JX029153）的密码子的偏性，并与茶树基因组及萝卜等7 种植物的ICE1 密码子偏性进行比较。结果表明，茶树ICE1 偏好于以A/T 结尾的密码子；与茶树基因组密码子偏性相比，发现只有6 种氨基酸密码子偏性完全一致。进一步研究发现ICE1 的碱基组成在单子叶植株大麦与7 种双子叶植物分化后发生了较大的变化。在聚类分析中，基于基因CDS 序列的聚类不能正确反映物种间的进化关系，而基于密码子偏性参数相对密码子使用度（RSCU）的聚类更适合作为系统发育分析的参考。与3 种外源受体密码子使用频率比较发现，与大肠杆菌基因组密码子使用频率差值较大的有25 个，与酵母基因组差值较大的有15 个，与拟南芥基因组差值较大的有10 个，这预示着ICE1 在拟南芥中的表达效率最高，若要在其他外源受体中进行高效表达，尚需对其密码子进行优化。