8种药剂对紫花三叉白及主要害虫的田间防治效果

为明确不同药剂对白及上初次发现的两种重要害虫朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus和棘跳虫Hypogastrura communis的防治效果,筛选高效低毒的杀虫剂,共使用8种药剂在普洱市白及规模化种植基地内进行了药剂试验。结果表明,喷施7天后,防治朱砂叶螨的5种药剂中,20%甲氰菊酯EC 2 000倍液的防效(91.4%)和速效性最优;10%阿维菌素SG 10 000倍的防效(84%)略低于15%哒螨灵EC 2 000倍(85.1%),但无显著差异,为次优;5%苦参碱AS 6 250倍液的防效(23.2%)和速效性均最差。防治棘跳虫的5种药剂中,喷施7天后,10%阿维菌素SG 10 000倍液的防治效(97%)最优、5%苦参碱AS 6 250倍液的防效(41%)最差;5%啶虫脒EC 3 000倍液的速效性最优,70%吡虫啉WG 1 200倍液的速效性最差。综合考量药剂对朱砂叶螨和棘跳虫的持效性、速效性及防治效果,10%阿维菌素SG 10 000倍液是普洱紫花三叉白及重要害虫防治的首选生物防治药剂。     

我国白及属植物资源评价及其筛选

采用层次分析法（AHP）对12份不同来源地的白及属植物从观赏特性、适应性、栽培与管理三方面13个指标因子进行系统的资源评价,建立白及属植物资源综合评价模型。结果表明：根据AHP评价结果及聚类分析可将12份引种的白及属植物分为两个等级：Ⅰ级优异种源6份;Ⅱ级优良种源6份;筛选出观赏性优良且适应性良好的5个白及种源陕西白及、江西白及、重庆白及、湖北白及、安徽白及,优良的黄花白及种源湖北黄花白及。可见,层次分析法可有效地进行白及属植物综合评价,并快速筛选出观赏性好、适应性强的白及属植物;其次观赏特性是影响白及属植物资源评价的主要影响因子。     

白及叶绿素荧光特性的春季动态变化

为了对珍稀药用植物白及的人工栽培提供理论依据,利用PAM-2500对其叶绿素荧光特性在春季的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明:白及的荧光参数在春季的3个月中变化趋势基本一致,不同月份间存在显著性差异(P0.05),且均以5月份的各值最大,4月份次之,3月份最小;其中,最大荧光(Fm)与光化学效率(Fv/Fm)在春季的日变化趋势一致,均呈先下降后上升的趋势;表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)呈先上升后下降趋势。     

珍稀药材白及“两段式”组培快繁技术研究

为简化白及组培苗生产过程,提高移栽成活率,以成熟白及种子为外植体,采用"两段式"组培法,通过不同激素配比及L_(16)(4~3)正交试验优化筛选萌发培养基和鳞茎诱导、壮苗培养基.研究结果表明:以萌发时间、苗高、出苗率为指标统计,白及种子在培养基1/2 MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+GA_3 0.1 mg/L+白糖20 g/L上的萌发效果最佳;鳞茎诱导、壮苗培养阶段的最佳培养基为:1/2 MS+NAA 0.6 mg/L+6-BA 0.8 mg/L+PP 333 0.5 mg/L+香蕉泥30 g/L+白糖30 g/L,鳞茎分化时间仅为20.7 d,培养60 d后,鳞茎分化率为91%,鳞茎直径达6.91 mm,组培苗生长健壮,移栽至大田后成活率为95%.实现了仅通过两段培养,即可获得白及优质组培苗,大大降低了育苗成本.     

微波辅助提取鸡眼草中的黄酮类物质

[目的]优化鸡眼草中黄酮类化合物的提取条件。[方法]以鸡眼草的总黄酮提取率为评价指标,通过单因素试验对微波辅助提取鸡眼草黄酮类化合物的工艺条件进行了研究,再运用正交分析法确定最佳提取条件。[结果]微波辅助提取鸡眼草中的黄酮类物质的最佳条件为:乙醇浓度为50%、料液比1∶30(W/V,g/ml,下同)、微波功率300 W,微波处理时间25 min;在此条件下,鸡眼草的总黄酮提取率为3.28%。[结论]微波辅助提取鸡眼草中的黄酮类物质,操作简单易行,提取率较高,是一种理想的提取方法。     

白及叶片气孔观察方法的研究

[目的]研究白及叶片气孔的观察方法.[方法]采用刮片法和整体透明法对白及苗叶片气孔进行观察.[结果]白及叶片气孔的分布是不均匀的,白及试管苗和移栽苗叶片气孔的大小、分布、开放程度及保卫细胞的内含物均存在差别.[结论]采用整体透明法观察白及叶片气孔的效果较好.     

Light intensity effects on early life stages of black sea bass, Centropristis striata (Linnaeus 1758)

The effects of four light intensities on growth and survival of first‐feeding stage black sea bass larvae Centropristis striata were investigated in a controlled‐environment laboratory. Fertilized eggs, obtained from LHRHa‐induced spawning of captive broodstock, were stocked (72 eggs L^?1) into twenty 15 L black tanks under light intensities of 100, 500, 1000 and 1500 lx, with five replicate tanks per treatment. The photoperiod was 12L:12D, the temperature was 20°C and the salinity was 35 g L^?1. Larvae were fed rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis from day 2 post‐hatching (d 2ph) at 5–10 rotifers mL^?1. Microalgae Nannochloropis oculata and Isochrysis sp. were added (1:1) daily to maintain a density of 300 000 cells mL^?1. Hatching success and larval growth and survival from d 2ph through d 15ph were monitored. Hatching success was 28–38% under all light intensities, and notochord length at hatching ranged from 2.8 to 3.0 mm, with no significant differences among treatments. By d 15ph, growth (mg wet weight) was significantly higher in the 1000 lx (0.914) and 1500 lx treatments (0.892) than in 100 lx (0.483), and a highly significant trend (P<0.01) towards increased survival with increasing light intensities was observed, from 1.3% at 100 lx to 13.9% at 1500 lx. Higher light intensities within the range of 100–1500 lx improved growth and survival of early larval black sea bass, suggesting that even higher light intensities may improve culture performance. This is consistent with conditions in shallow, near‐shore locations where eggs and larvae are distributed in nature.     

白芨种质资源的SWOT分析及开发利用对策

为明确白芨种质资源的发展方向,高效合理地利用和推广白芨,根据我国白芨种质资源发展与利用的实际情况,运用SWOT分析法对白芨种质资源开发利用优劣势以及机遇进行分析,提出了白芨种质资源开发利用的对策,即科学规划、合理生产布局、建立标准化白芨种植基地、规范栽培技术与规模、建立完整的白芨开发加工产业链,为药用兰科植物种质资源保持可持续发展提供依据。     

云南野生药用白及及其混伪品现状调查

通过对云南野生药用白及资源现状、标本记录和文献记载的调查研究得出,目前云南地区没有发现野生药用白及正品——白及Bletilla striata的分布,市场白及药材均为混伪品;这些混伪品包括同属的小白及Bletilla formosana、黄花白及Bletilla ochracea,兰科的独蒜兰Pleione bulbocodioides、云南独蒜兰Pleione yunnanensis、苞舌兰Spathoglottis pubescens、筒瓣兰Anthogonium gracile、杜鹃兰Cremastra appendiculata、紫花美冠兰Eulophia spectabilis和毛梗兰Eriodes barbata,百合科的滇黄精Polygonatum kingianum等。同时,由于近年来对药用白及的需求量不断增加,白及属的各个种均遭到了过度采挖,野生白及属植物资源面临灭绝的威胁。     

A Remote Sensing Characterization of the Effects of Anastrepha striata ＆ Anastrepha ludens on Guava Cultures in Mexico

Detection of the presence of Anastrepha striata and Anastrepha ludens in guava cultures is presently done in Mexico by actually catching the flies in strategically located traps. The objective of this study is to show that it is possible to locate areas with the presence or absence of flies by remote sensing means, thereby simplifying the traditional way of detection of these plagues. In the field, groups of traps were selected where flies had been captured, as well as areas in which there was no capture in the traps. The radiometric signatures of whole trees and leaves were obtained, showing measurable differences between those specimens affected by the plague and those unaffected. Next we selected a SPOT5 image of 2007 corresponding to the study area in Calvillo, State of Aguascalientes, in Mexico, one of the major areas of guava cultures in the country. A supervised classification of the image allowed for the location of guava cultures in it. The guava culture areas obtained from this classification were validated comparing them to available maps of the cultured areas. Spectral signatures for the classes were derived from the image data. The separability of pairs of classes was also evaluated in order to maximize it. The IR/R （infrared to red ratio） ratio of the image bands was evaluated in 80 × 80 pixels around the locations of five traps where flies had been captured, and around five locations where the traps had not captured flies. Only the pixels where guava cultures were present were included in the analysis, other types of vegetation and soil coverage were rejected. We found that the index distributions with flies captured and those without flies captured cluster in two well-separated groups. We note that plotting the whole distribution of pixels around a trap yields a diagnostic view of the area, and individual index values do not provide such a view, since values with the flies＇ presence and without these overlap to some extent. Further analyses of other trap locations confirmed this separation