添加剂对白芨组培的影响

 用植物组织培养方法研究了添加剂对白芨组培的影响。结果表明：最适合白芨种子萌发的配方是：MS+1.0-3.0mg/L BA+1.0mg/L NAA+3g/L碳粉,最高萌发率可达99.7%;最适合白芨继代增殖的配方为：MS+1.0-2.0mg/L BA+2.0mg/L KT+0.5mg/L NAA+40g/L琼脂+15g/L魔芋粉,添加魔芋粉利于提高增殖率;而配方1/2MS+0.5mg/L BA+1.5mg/L NAA+1.5mg/L IBA+70g/L香蕉泥,最利于生根,且根系较健壮,利于提高炼苗成活率。     

不同白芨种源分析评价与利用研究

在相同种植条件下,对不同地理来源的28份白芨种源进行了物候期、形态特征的分析与评价,结果表明:不同种源的生长物候期、形态特征以及经济性状因地理来源不同而存在一定的差异。综合分析与评价结果表明,永胜期纳、永胜松坪为优势种源,可作为今后良种选育的种质材料。     

Information on Selected Water Quality Characteristics for the Production of Black Sea Bass,Centropristis striata,Juveniles

Abstract

Recent interest in the culture of black sea bass, Centropristis striata, has led to questions regarding the environmental requirements of this species for economically-viable production. Here, we present the results of short-term laboratory studies on ammonia toxicity, nitrite toxicity and oxygen consumption rates. Fifty percent of the juveniles died when exposed to 0.7-0.8 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N for 24 hours (25°C, 23 g/L salinity). All exposed fish survived exposure to ≤ 0.6 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N for 10 days. Black sea bass juveniles survived 24-hours exposure to 250 mg/L nitrite-N when exposed in 12 or 20 g/L salinity. Fish exposed for 24 hours to nitrite in 35 g/L salinity died when exposed to 250 mg/L nitrite-N, but survived exposure to 100 g/L nitrite-N. All fish exposed to 50 mg/L nitrite-N for 10 days survived (salinities of 12, 20 and 35 g/L). Mean oxygen consumption rate was 0.09 mg/hour/g (25°C). Fish weight significantly affected oxygen consumption rate with larger fish consuming less oxygen per unit time on a weight-specific basis. No treatment effect was observed due to salinity or dissolved oxygen concentration. The information reported here in combination with previous reports provides insight into the environmental requirements of black sea bass culture.     

Comparison of Four Commercial Diets and Three Feeding Rates for Black Sea Bass,Centropristis striata,Fingerlings

Abstract

A new demand for live black sea bass, Centropristis striata L., is emerging in the fish markets of the northeast United States and Canada. Aquaculturists need to know suitable commercial diets and feeding rates for growing black sea bass to increase profitability. In these experiments, four commercial diets and three feeding rates were compared for juvenile black sea bass (0.8-1.3 g). The diet experiment compared growth rates for fish fed four commercial diets, Rangen Trout and Salmon Starter (R), Nelson and Son's Silver Cup Trout Crumbles (SCT), Nelson and Son's Silver Cup Salmon Crumbles (SCS), and Zeigler Salmon Starter (Z). The feeding rate experiment compared growth rates for fish fed Zeigler Salmon Starter, at 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% levels (dry weight of food/wet weight of fish). At the end of the diet experiment (18 weeks), Tukey's studentized range test (? = 0.05) showed that fish fed diet Z (14.5±0.92 g) were significantly larger than fish fed diet R (11.4±0.93 g). Diets Z and R both produced significantly larger fish than diets SCS (7.3±0.85 g) and SCT (4.5±0.29 g). At the end of the feeding rate experiment (10 weeks), Duncan's multiple range test (? = 0.05) showed that fish fed a 7.5% (4.61±0.24 g) rate and a 5.0% (4.49±0.24 g) rate were not significantly different in weight. Both of these treatments produced significantly larger fish than a feeding rate of 2.5% (3.59+0.21 g).     

白及与黄花白及假鳞茎产量及品质差异分析

[目的]分析药用植物白及与黄花白及的产量和品质差异,为白及种植户选种优质白及品种提供参考依据.[方法]测定种植两年的3份白及和1份黄花白及的假鳞茎产量、氨基酸含量、蛋白质含量、多糖含量及其对钙(Ca)等矿质元素的吸收特性,比较各品种间的产量差异,并分析氨基酸总含量等指标间的相关性.[结果]4份材料的产量间存在显著差异(P< 0.05,下同),其中,资源‘桂白4号’白及的假鳞茎产量(38112.15 kg/ha)较高,其次是资源白及(29112.15/ha),资源黄花白及和遵义白及的产量相对较低.4份材料的总氨基酸含量排序为遵义白及>资源‘桂白4号’白及>资源黄花白及>资源白及;资源‘桂白4号’白及的蛋白质含量最高,达7.22%,其次是遵义白及(7.12%),资源黄花白及和资源白及的蛋白质含量稍低,分别为6.60%和5.43%;资源黄花白及和资源‘桂白4号’白及的多糖含量较高,分别为31.40%和29.70%,资源白及和遵义白及的多糖含量相对较低,分别为27.60%和23.60%.此外,4份材料对Ca等矿质元素的吸收依矿质元素种类不同而存在差异.方差分析结果表明,氨基酸总含量和蛋白质含量间呈显著正相关,二者与Ca等5种矿质元素含量均呈正相关;多糖含量除与Mg含量呈正相关外,与其他指标均呈负相关;Ca等5种矿质元素间表现出或正或负的相关性.[结论]白及与黄花白及、白及同一种内不同品种(或不同来源地品种)间均存在产量和品质差异,其中资源‘桂白4号’白及的产量和品质均优于遵义白及、资源白及和资源黄花白及,可作为优质白及品种供药农选种.     

凉血解毒方加减灌肠治疗宫颈癌放射性直肠炎的临床研究

目的 观察凉血解毒方加减灌肠治疗宫颈癌放疗后并发放射性直肠炎的临床疗效。方法 将80例宫颈癌放射性直肠炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,两组患者术后均给予西医常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上,加用凉血解毒方加减灌肠治疗2周,比较两组治疗有效率、健康调查表（SF-36）得分及常见并发症发生率。结果 观察组放射性直肠炎治疗有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,SF-36得分在角色限制、机体疼痛、健康状况、情绪职能、心理健康方面明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,常见并发症发生率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 凉血解毒方加减灌肠治疗宫颈癌放射性直肠炎安全有效。     

三峡坝区林下复合种植白芨效果研究

[目的]研究白芨人工栽培效果,实现规模化、标准化种植,提高经济效益。[方法]对白芨在厚朴林下不同林分郁闭度、不同密度的复合种植与不同抚育措施经营效果开展对比试验。[结果]林分郁闭度在0.4~0.6的林下种植白芨,单位面积产量比郁闭度0.4以下、0.6以上的分别增长5.4%、6.8%;白芨种植密度为30 cm×30 cm的单位面积产量比种植密度20 cm×20 cm、25 cm×25 cm、35 cm×35 cm的分别增长16.1%、12.0%、13.1%;白芨在10—11月种植的单位面积产量比12月—次年1月、次年2—3月种植的分别增长5.6%、21.3%;白芨在栽培期间施用农家肥的单位面积产量比施用化肥、复合肥的分别增长31.7%、18.4%;种植白芨中耕除草4次/a的单位面积产量比1、2、3次/a中耕除草的分别增长240.1%、137.0%、43.9%。[结论]林下种植白芨,林分郁闭度为0.4~0.6时,出苗率高、生长势好、产量高;白芨于10—11月种植,种植密度以30 cm×30 cm效果最佳。同时白芨在栽培期间每年中耕除草4次,并结合施用农家肥,能促进白芨块茎发育和生长,大幅度提高白芨产量。     

基于响应面法优化白及原球茎液体培养基

目的 采用响应面优化（Box-Behnken design,BBD）法优选白及原球茎液体培养基,提高白及种子萌发形成原球茎的诱导率。方法 采用3水平4因素设计BBD实验,在30 g/L的蔗糖溶液中添加大量元素（MS）、6-苄氨基腺嘌呤（6-BA）、萘乙酸（NAA）和玉米素（ZT）作为白及原球茎液体培养基,并通过响应面法优选4种添加物浓度配比。结果 BBD实验模型设计成功可用于响应面结果优化,经响应面优化后,在1 mg/L MS、2 mg/L 6-BA、0.5 mg/L NAA、0.07 mg/L ZT条件下,白及原球茎诱导率可达（93.13±0.34）%,与预测值95.38%差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。白及原球茎直播种苗存活率良好,长出的叶片数、植株高度、茎长及茎宽均超过种子直播种苗的数值。结论 在基本液体培养基中合理配比4种天然添加物可提高白及原球茎诱导率,进而提高种子萌发率。     

白芨组织培养与快速繁殖技术研究

以白芨侧芽和块茎为外植体,采用不同灭菌时间进行灭菌,筛选适宜的外植体和灭菌时间;以MS或1/2MS为基本培养基,附加不同浓度6-BA或NAA进行丛生芽诱导、增殖以及生根培养。结果表明,以白芨侧芽为外植体并采用0.2%升汞消毒灭菌8min的效果较好;侧芽的丛生芽诱导以培养基MS＋1.5mg/L 6-BA＋0.1mg/L NAA的效果较好;继代增殖以培养基MS＋2.0mg/L 6-BA＋0.2mg/L NAA较适合,30d为一个周期,增殖系数为5.0;生根培养基以1/2MS＋1.0mg/LNAA＋0.1mg/L 6-BA为好,生根率为83.3%。     

珍稀中药材白芨组培快繁体系的建立

为建立珍稀中药材白芨的组培快繁体系,以成熟种子为外植体,筛选适于萌发生长的蔗糖、外源激素(6-BA、IBA、IAA和NAA)和活性炭的浓度、光照时间以及炼苗基质配比。结果发现：在MS+4 g/L琼脂+20 g/L蔗糖+光照(200 lx) 24 h/d的基础上,培养7天后种子均可发芽;添加1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 g/L活性炭,叶片数达5枚;添加1.5 mg/L IBA+1.0 g/L活性炭,根数和根长分别达到3条和4 cm;蛭石:泥炭=1:2的基质配比下,炼苗成活率达100%。该研究结果可为白芨的大规模种植、相关药物生产以及野生资源保护等方面提供理论基础与技术支撑。