白芨瓶内假鳞茎诱导研究

[目的]研究白芨组培苗瓶内假鳞茎形成的影响因素,提高白芨组培苗炼苗成活率,为白芨组培苗在生产上的应用提供技术支持.[方法]以优质白芨组培苗为材料,探讨基本培养基、蔗糖用量、激素和添加物对白芨瓶内假鳞茎诱导的影响.[结果]在MS培养基中,假鳞茎诱导率和平均粒径达到最大值,最适宜白芨假鳞茎诱导.30.0g/L蔗糖较适宜诱导白芨假鳞茎,其诱导率较高,且有利于假鳞茎生长膨大.在6-BA、KT、NAA、IBA 4种激素不同组合中,以6-BA＋KT＋NAA组合的假鳞茎诱导率和平均粒径均显著高于其他组合,其最佳激素配比是6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋KT 0.5mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L.在最佳激素配比培养基中添加40.0 g/L香蕉泥、40.0 g/L上豆泥和1.0 g/L花宝四号,其假鳞茎诱导率和平均粒径均最高,且植株长势较好.[结论]白芨组培苗瓶内假鳞茎诱导的最佳培养基配方是MS＋6-BA 1.0mg/L＋KT 0.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L＋香蕉40.0 g/L＋土豆40.0 g/L＋花宝四号1.0 g/L＋活性炭1.0 g/L＋蔗糖30.0 g/L.     

鸡眼草种子形态特征观测及生活力的测定

通过对鸡眼草种子物理性质及生活力的测定,研究鸡眼草种子发芽特性。结果表明,消毒和机械去皮处理对鸡眼草种子发芽的影响不明显;基质和温度处理对鸡眼草种子发芽有较大的影响,其中滤纸最佳;鸡眼草种子发芽适宜温度为25℃。     

Optimizing nursery diets for post-metamorphic stage black sea bass: Growth performance,body composition,and feed utilization on open-formulated and commercial starter diets

The objective of this study was to optimize nursery diets for post-metamorphic stage black sea bass by evaluating growth performance, whole-body proximate and fatty acid composition, and utilization of University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW)-formulated and commercial diets under laboratory conditions. A feeding trial was conducted to compare two UNCW-formulated diets (D1 and D2) for black sea bass (54% crude protein = CP and 14% crude lipid = CL) and two premium, commercial marine finfish fry diets, Otohime (Reed Mariculture Inc., Campbell, CA, CP = 48% and CL = 14%, CD3) and Gemma Diamond (Skretting, Nutreco, Canada, CP = 57%, CL = 15%, CD4). The UNCW-formulated diet 1 (D1) contained high fish meal (FM, 40% of diet), whereas UNCW-formulated diet 2 (D2) replaced 50% FM protein by high-quality poultry by-product meal (PBM) protein. Post-metamorphic stage black sea bass (~0.60 g, d40ph) were stocked in each of sixteen 75-L tanks at a density of 1 fish per L (75 per tank), with four replicate aquaria per treatment. Fish were fed four times per day (0800, 1100, 1400, and 1600 h) to apparent satiation for 30 days. Final body weight (5.70–5.74), specific growth rate (7.40–7.45%/d), and percent body weight gain (834–848%) of fish fed the UNCW-formulated D1 (FM-based) and D2 (FM + PBM-based) were higher (p < .05) than in fish fed the commercial diets CD3 and CD4 (4.66–5.21 g, 6.80–7.15%/d, and 668–756%, respectively). Feed intake (% body weight/d was significantly lower for fish fed commercial diet (CD4) (3.94) compared with fish fed CD3 (4.20), but feed intake for CD3 was not significantly different compared with the UNCW-formulated diets D1 and D2 (4.10–4.12). Feed conversion ratios (0.76–0.82) were significantly higher for fish fed CD3 (0.82) than for fish fed D1 and CD4 (0.76). Survival was high (99–100%) in all diet treatments. Final whole-body crude protein content (15.2 to 15.9% wet basis), moisture (68.9–69.6%), and ash (4.31–4.77%) showed no significant differences; however, whole-body crude lipid was lower in fish fed CD3 (9.67%) than in fish fed the other diets (9.96–10.22%). Final whole-body fatty acid composition reflected the diet composition. Higher feed consumption and growth of fish fed the UNCW-formulated diets were attributed to a more optimal combination of marine (fish, squid, and krill meals), terrestrial plant (soybean meal) protein sources, and the addition of chemo-attractants, which provided both higher nutritional quality and palatability. The study suggests that the species-specific starter diets may improve growth performance and fingerling quality and may therefore lower production costs under intensive nursery conditions.     

美洲黑石斑鱼的品种优势和养殖前景

美洲黑石斑鱼属于鮨科Serranidae,石斑鱼亚科Serraninae,俗名有翡翠斑、珍珠斑等美称,是美国近年成功开发的一个新养殖鱼种。它的养殖和市场潜力巨大,活鱼和加工产品极受美国和加拿大消费者的欢迎。我国从2003年引进,试养效果良好;2006年大规模生产苗种达100余万尾,为在我国推广养殖奠定了基础。本文重点介绍了该品种的生物学特性、养殖潜力、商业价值和在我国推广养殖的可行性,认为该品种很适合我国东部和东南沿海温带和亚热带水域开展深水网箱、工厂、池塘等模式的养殖,预测产品不仅可以内销而且有望远销欧美各国。     

楚雄州林下中药材白芨和滇黄精丰产栽培试验研究

为加快楚雄州生物医药大健康产业的发展步伐,于2016年2月—2017年9月,选择楚雄州具有代表类性的郁闭度0.5~0.7的云南松林下,开展白芨和滇黄精丰产栽培试验,对栽培密度、腐殖土量、底肥量、追肥量等四因素设三个不同水平进行正交试验。结果表明,栽培密度对二者保存率有极显著影响,但白芨适合密植,以15 cm×20 cm株行距为佳;滇黄精不宜密植,以25 cm×40 cm株行距为佳。腐植土对二者块茎生长量有显著影响,底肥及追肥对二者生长无明显影响。     

舟山海岛白及林下栽培技术研究

本文论述了一种舟山海岛白及（Bletilla striata）栽培方法，该方法包括选地、整地、大田种植、抚育管理和采收等步骤。普陀鹅耳枥（Carpinus putoensis）林地作为本次研究的试验林地，引种临安紫花白及、温州泰顺紫花白及、云南紫花白及、云南白花白及、陕西紫花白及一年生苗。栽培环境保持林分透光率50%左右，加强肥水管理，可有效促进白及生长和块茎营养物质积累，栽培3年后即可采收，尤以临安紫花白及适应性最强。海岛地区林下栽培白及可充分利用现有土地，降低生产成本低，具有良好的经济效益、生态效益及社会效益。     

白及幼苗不同驯化期叶片光合光响应特征研究

采用4种数学模型(直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、修正直角双曲线模型、指数模型)对白及组培幼苗不同生长时期叶片光合光响应过程进行拟合分析,以期筛选出与白及幼苗期相适宜的光响应模型。结果表明:1)4种拟合模型精度以修正非直角双曲线模型最佳。2)光合参数的拟合效果拥有不同的表现。在4种拟合模型中初始量子效率(α)与表观量子效率(AQE)拟合值均在合理范围内,修正直角双曲线模型对白及幼苗最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、光饱和点(LSP)与光补偿点(LCP)的拟合较为准确,而暗呼吸速率(Rd)的拟合采用直角双曲线模型较为合理。3)光合有效辐射(PAR)对植物净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cond)及蒸腾作用(Trmmol)存在良好的正向线性关系,与胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)存在一定的负向线性关系。     

Preliminary investigations on the effects of dietary lipid on the spawning performance and egg quality of black sea bass Centropristis striata L

Adult black sea bass Centropristis striata broodstock ( N =162) were fed three different dietary treatments: two commercially prepared diets with 45% protein and two different lipid levels (12% and 20%) (diets 1 and 2), and a diet of frozen Atlantic silversides Menidia menidia (SS, diet 3). Broodstock were held under controlled photothermal conditions and induced to spawn with an LHRHa pellet (72 μg kg⁻¹ bw). Dietary lipid had pronounced effects on spawning performance and egg quality. Diet 3 (SS) produced a significantly ( P <0.05) higher fertilization success (22.4%) than diets 1 (0.6%) and 2 (4.8%). The hatching success of fertilized eggs was similar in all diets (range=40–58.6%), but only two spawns from diet 1 (12% lipid) yielded viable yolk-sac larvae (YSL). Diet 3 (SS) also produced significantly more YSL per female (21.8 × 10³) than the diet 1 (0.3 × 10³). Eggs from diet 3 (SS) contained a significantly greater proportion of n-3 series fatty acids, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as the largest fraction. Eggs from commercially prepared dietary treatments contained significantly more n-6 fatty acids. The poor spawning performance of fish fed diet 1 (12% lipid) may be related to higher levels of linoleic acid and lower levels of DHA in the diet.     

白及的花部特征与繁育系统

 通过野外观察、授粉特性分析、杂交指数估算及人工控制授粉试验等方法对白及野生居群的花部特征和繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明：在自然条件下,白及4-5月开花,群体花期约44 d,群体盛花期约12 d,集中在4月29日-5月10日,单株花期11 ~ 27 d,单花花期6 ~ 8 d。总状花序上具两性花3 ~ 11朵。在花朵开放的整个过程中,花药始终高于柱头且两者之间存在隔离。花粉成熟时由粘性物质聚结成团,无法散落至柱头。开花后3 d 内花粉活力和柱头可授性均较高。白及杂交指数为4。无论去雄与否,套袋后的花均不结实,说明其不能进行自然的自花授粉和无融合生殖。白及人工自花授粉、同株异花授粉和异株授粉的结实率分别为93.33%、90.00%和93.33%,自然条件下的结实率为5.26%。花粉成熟时由粘性物质聚结成团和缺乏有效的传粉媒介可能是白及自然条件下结实率低的主要原因。     

基于ITS和ycf1序列的白及遗传多样性分析

在白及资源调查和收集过程中,发现白及花型、花色、花期、叶片形态等多个性状变异程度较大.本研究收集了来源于四川和云南的白及资源30份,克隆并分析其nrDNA ITS和叶绿体ycf1基因差异,发现ycf1基因差异小,ITS基因差异较大,根据ITS序列差异,将白及聚类为3个支系,结合白及的表观性状,发现白及ITS序列与其花期...