沙棘保健醋的研制

山西拥有非常丰富的沙棘资源,开发沙棘产业,建立沙棘产业链,可以为山西经济发展提供一条很好的途径。利用沙棘果汁通过液态酒精发酵、固态醋酸发酵工艺研制了沙棘果醋,其营养及保健价值高,可以作为保健饮品开发。     

应用电导率仪测定微生物生物量的研究

[目的]研究微生物生物量的测定方法。[方法]离心收集蓝细菌,用去离子水清洗后,超声破碎蓝细菌,将破碎后的蓝细菌用去离子水稀释至不同浓度,测定不同浓度破碎后的蓝细菌菌液的电导率值。同时测定蓝细菌的细胞干重及吸光度值。[结果]完全破碎后的蓝细菌菌液的电导率值与细胞干重存在良好的线性关系,线性系数r=0.999 4;蓝细菌的吸光度值与细胞干重也存在良好的线性关系,线性系数r=0.998。[结论]电导率法和吸光度法均能很好地反映蓝细菌的生物量,电导率法的方便程度和可靠性均可以与吸光度法相比较。     

生物质环模制粒机产能与能耗分析

分析环模制粒机技术参数和物料特性参数对设备产能与能耗的影响规律,可为产品的系列化设计提供理论依据。在对环模制粒机成型过程和机构受力分析的基础上,建立了设备产能与能耗模型,绘制了不同设备技术参数与物料特性参数下的环模制粒机产能和能耗等值线。等值线分布规律表明,环模直径越大、转速越高,对设备产能和能耗的影响越明显;与其他参数相比,物料与辊模之间的摩擦因数对设备产能影响更大,改进辊模表面结构形式或表面材料是提高设备生产率的有效途径;辊模直径比对设备产能的影响比对设备能耗的影响大,辊模直径比越大,设备单位产能能耗越低,因此,在满足设备结构与技术要求的前提下,应尽量增大辊模直径比。     

Effect of Sodium Chloride Salinity on Growth and Ion Accumulation in Some Halophytes

Abstract

Effects of salinity on biomass production, water content, and ion accumulation pattern in Atriplex amnicola P. G. Wilson, Atriplex calotheca L., Atriplex hortensis L., Chenopodium album L., Salsola kali L., and Suaeda nudiflora Moq. (all Chenopodiaceae) have been studied. The plants survived and exhibited no toxicity symptoms up to 6000 mg L^?1 NaCl treatment. Ion composition was variable in plants grown under different salinity treatments. Salinity, except in Suaeda nudiflora where the least biomass was produced in control, affected all other species negatively, and they produced the least biomass at high salinity treatment. Shoot water content of Suaeda nudiflora and Chenopodium album increased significantly in response to salinity. Among all the species examined here, maximum sodium (Na⁺) accumulation was recorded for Suaeda nudiflora, and it increased with the increasing salinity. This study concluded that among all the species tested, Suaeda nudiflora was most suitable plant for bioremediation of salt‐contaminated soils.     

Simulation of Biomass Partitioning and Production in Elephantgrass

Abstract

The expanded growth model has been used to simulate biomass accumulation with time by elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) grown in Florida. It has been used to describe partitioning of biomass between stem and leaf components of the plant as well as total biomass accumulation with time. The linear relationship between biomass (Y) and the growth quantifier (Q) has been confirmed. Large biomass accumulation by elephantgrass is explained by the wide spread (σ=13.6 wk) in the solar driving function and the low value of the aging coefficient (c=0.05 wk^?1). Partitioning of biomass between stem and leaf components is accounted for in the growth quantifier by partitioning Q into a component for stem (Q _S ) and a component for leaf (Q _L ). This allowed fine‐tuning of estimates of parameters c and the partition coefficient k. Analytical functions contained in the model are easily evaluated, as illustrated in the procedures.     

Effect of Different Fertilization Methods and Nitrogen Doses on the Weediness of Winter Wheat

The field study was conducted in April 2006 in a long-term fertilization experiment that was set up in 1983. The aims of this study are to compare the weediness in plots with nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK), NPK + farmyard manure (FYM), and NPK + stalk treatments and to study the effect of increasing N doses on the weeds and winter wheat plants. The bifactorial test was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments were the following: 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha^?1 N, 100 kg ha^?1 phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), and 100 kg ha^?1 potassium oxide (K₂O). Three weed species were dominant in the experiment: Veronica hederifolia, Consolida regalis, and Stellaria media. The NPK treatment resulted in the smallest average weed cover. The significantly greatest weed cover was found on the plots treated with NPK + FYM, but the greatest biomass production of winter wheat was measured also in the NPK + FYM treatment, which resulted in a good crop competition. The weed cover was increased proportionally by the rising N doses. The effect of increasing N rates was positive on the winter wheat biomass and on wheat competition to the weeds. Results of our study show that we can manage weeds better using favorable plant nutrition.     

Termites promote soil carbon and nitrogen depletion: Results from an in situ macrofauna exclusion experiment,Peru

We present results from one of the first in situ soil termite exclusion experiments using translocated soil that was not colonised by termites prior to the experiment. Macrofauna were excluded or included using fine (0.3 mm) and coarse (5 mm) mesh, respectively. We found that termites were the most dominant macrofauna in the macrofauna-included samples throughout the sampling period. Additionally, C and N depletion rates were consistently higher in samples with macrofauna than without macrofauna despite the seasonal decline of termites at the start of the wet season. This suggests that the presence of termites in soil promotes C and N depletion that may be linked to the passage of soil through the termite gut and the affect termites have on bioturbation and nutrient distribution.     

西南桦、山桂花、肉桂人工林林下物种多样性和生物量对比研究

通过样方调查法分别对普文试验林场林龄为15年的3种人工林群落进行了调查,分析了3种森林群落的物种多样性和生物量。结果表明西南桦林的物种多样性指数和均匀度指数都是最大,分别为3.06和91.82%。生物量最大的也是西南桦林,其值为115.82 t·hm-2,年增长量为7.72 t·hm-2,远高于当地天然热带次生林的4.184 t·hm-2。这说明西南桦较其他阳性树种具有更快的生长速度,表现出了较高的生产能力,加之它又是一个乡土树种,因此可在云南热区造林项目中大量推广应用。     

立式双辊道环模成型机压缩室结构设计

生物质燃料成型设备在实现生物质能源有效利用的过程中,起着十分重要的作用。该文对立式双辊道生物质燃料环模成型机的压缩室及压辊、成型模具等主要机构进行了结构设计,并且探讨了制粒攫取的条件,推导了变形压紧区被压入物料高度的计算公式,为环模成型机的结构优化提供了理论依据。     

山区生物质能源树种荆条经营技术研究

[目的]筛选适宜的荆条经营技术。[方法]以多年生山区生物质能源树种实生荆条林为试验材料,进行不同平茬高度、不同轮伐期及其干质量热值、连续平茬和栽植密度等经营技术研究,分析不同处理的荆条地上部生物量。[结果]采取平茬高度控制在10 cm左右,平茬2年后要休养2年以上,种植密度为1 m×1 m,轮伐期控制在3年1次以内,能有效提高荆条基部新萌发枝的地上部生物量。[结论]通过不同平茬高度,不同轮伐期及干热值连续平茬和栽培密度等处理,可有效提高荆条枝条地上部生物量。