Promoting angiogenesis of protein kinase D1 in vitro and in vivo

AIM: To explore the effect of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) on promoting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and to furnish a new idea on targeting PKD1 for the treatment of ischemic heart disease such as myocardial infarction. METHODS: The culture, isolation and identification of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were performed in vitro. The effects of PKD1 and its specific blocking agent CID755673 on expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) in EPCs were determined. The rat model of myocardial infarction was established, the intervention effects of PKD1 and CID755673 on morphology, changes of microvessels and endothelial cells, and the expression of VEGF and KDR in the impaired myocardial tissue were analyzed. RESULTS: PKD1 significantly upregulated the expression of VEGF and KDR in EPCs in vitro. Meanwhile, the structure of myocardial tissue was more regular and clear, the cytomembrane of endothelial cells were more smooth and integrity, the pericytes were visible, and the expression of VEGF and KDR was significantly increased in PKD1 treatment group in vivo.CONCLUSION: PKD1 has the ability of angiogenesis obviously, which might be mediated by VEGF.     

In vitro expression and inhibition of procoagulant activity produced by bovine alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood cells

Local and systemic activation of coagulation is frequently associated with bacterial sepsis. The coagulopathy is due, at least in part, to expression of tissue factor (TF) by monocytes and macrophages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of procoagulant activity by bovine alveolar macrophages, leukocytes and platelets, and to determine the relative potency of three chemical inhibitors of TF expression (pentoxifylline, retinoic acid, and cyclosporin A). Bovine alveolar macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Pasteurella haemolytica or recombinant bovine tumour nervous factor (TNF) and dose- and time-dependent effects on TF expression were studied. LPS and TNF induced TF expression in alveolar macrophages and LPS treatment of whole blood induced TF expression in mononuclear cells. Neutrophils and platelets also expressed procoagulant activity, but this activity was not inhibited by anti-bovine TF monoclonal antibody. Pentoxifylline (40 mol/L), retinoic acid (0.01 mmol/L) and cyclosporin A (0.08 mol/L) inhibited TF expression when added concurrently with LPS or TNF, but not when added 4 h after stimulation. TF mRNA was not detected in unstimulated alveolar macrophages by Northern blot analysis. In contrast, exposure to LPS or TNF for 6 h induced marked expression of TF mRNA, which was inhibited by treatment with pentoxifylline, retinoic acid and cyclosporin A. Expression of TNF by alveolar macrophages stimulated with LPS was also inhibited by these compounds. Our results indicate that procoagulant activity expressed by alveolar macrophages and monocytes is associated with expression of TF, whereas procoagulant activity expressed by neutrophils and platelets is not. The concentrations of pentoxifylline and retinoic acid necessary for inhibition of TF expression in vitro may not be achievable in vivo owing to their toxic effects. However, the in vitro concentration of cyclosporin A that inhibited TF expression did not exceed the plasma concentration observed in humans, and therefore may be useful for inhibition of TF expression in vivo.Abbreviations BAL bronchoalveolar lavage - LPS lipopolysaccharide - cDNA cloned deoxyribonucleic acid - cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate - GAPDH glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase - mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid - TF tissue factor - TNF tumour necrosis factor - DPBS Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline     

准噶尔荒漠区域尺度浅层土壤化学计量特征及其空间分布格局

干旱荒漠生态系统具有降水稀少、土壤贫瘠、生物多样性低的特点,对荒漠土壤生态化学计量特征的研究有助于深入了解荒漠土壤养分供给能力及其对生物多样性和生态系统稳定性的影响。对准噶尔荒漠79个样点浅层(0~10cm)土壤及环境因子进行调查取样,分析了土壤有机碳(C)、全氮(N)及全磷(P)化学计量特征、空间分布及其影响因素。结果表明,准噶尔荒漠土壤C、N、P平均含量分别为(5.73±0.49),(0.207±0.009)和(0.347±0.004)g/kg,C∶N、C∶P、N∶P分别为(29.92±2.55),(15.97±1.23)和(0.498±0.024)。土壤P稳定性最高(CV=0.098),而C、C∶N和C∶P的变异性较强(CV=0.687~0.758)。C、P、C∶N及C∶P在不同生境(沙漠、戈壁和盐碱荒漠)、不同群落(白梭梭、梭梭及小灌木)间均存在差异。与全国及全球平均水平相比,准噶尔荒漠土壤C、N、P含量、C∶P及N∶P均较低而C∶N较高,养分元素缺乏程度表现为NCP。土壤养分元素及其化学计量比之间多具有显著的二次函数关系,且化学计量比主要受C和N的制约。在区域尺度上,各化学计量参数表现出明显的空间异质性,其中C、C∶N和C∶P分布格局相似,并受年降水量、纬度和经度的影响;N与N∶P分布格局相似,受经度、海拔和年均温的影响。     

基于因子分析的中国林业发展潜力

立足于我国林业资源可持续发展,为制定正确的林业资源发展战略,研究林业发展潜力并揭示潜力提升空间是十分必要的。选择27个省作为研究对象,运用《中国林业统计年鉴2008》数据,采用因子分析法,将反映林业发展潜力的10项主要评价指标转化为评价的5个主要因子,并对27个省进行排名发现,各地区林业资源占有和经营、林业资源质量和管理,以及自然、培育和人文转型潜力发展不平衡,南方各省的林业具有很大的发展潜力。并提出了提高南方集体林区森林活立木蓄积量,继续和深化国有森林资源管理改革和创新,大力发展森林旅游业等有力措施。     

Effect of eleutheroside B/E on proliferation and expression of PPARγ and TGF-β1 in HBZY-1 cells cultured with high glucose

AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of eleutheroside (ETS) B or E on the proliferation of HBZY-1 cells treated with high glucose. METHODS: The HBZY-1 cells were cultured under high glucose condition. The 4th generation of HBZY-1 cells was used for determining the optimal cell density, which was consistent with the growth regulation curve of the cells. The cells were divided into 6 groups: low glucose (LG) group, high glucose (HG) group, high glucose plus ETS-B/E (low dose, medium dose and high dose) groups, and high glucose plus losartan (LTG) group. After all cells were treated with the corresponding drugs at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the inhibitory rate of the proliferation was measured, and the expression of TGF-β1 and PPARγ was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS: The best cell density was 2 000 cells/well, which was complied with the basic rules of the cell growth, and high glucose significantly promoted the HBZY-1 cell proliferation. At each time point, the inhibitory effects of ETS-B/E were significantly different between HG group and LTG group on the proliferation of the HBZY-1 cells (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 was significantly inhibited, and the expression of PPARγ was significantly promoted by ETS-B/E (P<0.05). ETS-E showed stronger effect than ETS-B (P<0.05) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: ETS-B/E significantly inhibits the proliferation of HBZY-1 cells under high glucose condition by decreasing TGF-β1 expression and promoting PPARγ expression.     

黄河三角洲台田间渗水池塘的水质变动规律分析

以黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘为研究对象,分析了渗水池塘的水质因子变动规律。结果表明:不同池塘间水质因子差异较大,但均表现出水体盐度较高、氮磷等营养物质含量较低、K+离子含量相对较低、Ca2+离子和Na+离子含量相对较高及K+/Na+显著低于正常海水等特点。结果说明,黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘的水质条件不适合直接进行水产养殖,应对水质调整后才可做养殖之用。     

Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and the intestine

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used for the treatment of pain and inflammation because of their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). For almost as long as NSAIDs have been in use, multiple adverse effects have been noted. Assessment of many of these adverse effects have been complicated because of the discovery of multiple splice variants of the cox gene, and a greater array of COX inhibitors, especially the COX-2 selective inhibitors have become available. Some of these adverse effects cannot be readily explained by the effect of these drugs on COX. This has sparked a new field of investigation into the COX-independent effects of the COX inhibitors. The major noncyclooxygenase targets of the COX inhibitors of particular relevance to inflammation and the gastrointestinal tract are phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase Akt signaling, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, PPARgamma, nuclear factor KB, mitogen activated protein kinases, and heat shock proteins.     

CALCULATION OF TNE END-EFFECT FACTOR OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH CYLINDRICAL SOLID ROTOR

This paper presents the end-effect factor of Synchronous motor with cylindricalsolid rotor offered by analysing the 3-D electromagnetic field and using the Poynting vector.To ap-ply it in an actual calculation,the end-effect factor is proved correct and applicable.