云南金沙江流域华山松人工林水土保持效益研究

以裸地为对照 ,对云南金沙江流域的华山松人工林林地的土壤物理性状及营养成分、林分涵养水源的能力、林冠层降雨截流功能、土壤水分动态变化、土壤渗透能力、林地地表径流及泥沙量以及地表生物量和根系分布状况进行了定点、定量观测研究。结果表明 :华山松林对改良土壤、增加肥力具有明显的作用 ,与裸地相比 ,其林地有机质、土壤月均含水率、渗透性能分别是裸地的 2 74、 1 14、 4 6 1倍 ,土壤最大蓄水量比裸地高5 6 74 % ;华山松林分年降雨截流量为 6 3 7mm ,截流率为 2 0 2 % ,径流率为 5 7%。径流削减率为 91 3% ,泥沙削减率为 95 6 % ;土层 2 0cm之上根系占总量的 83% ,对地面固土保水起着重要的作用     

唐山市采煤塌陷区湿地生物多样性调查及评价

湿地生物多样性评价是生物多样性保护和实现可持续发展的基础性工作,本研究采用全面调查、样地设置等多种方法对物种进行调查,运用物种多样性和生态系统多样性的指标体系对唐山市采煤塌陷区湿地生物多样性进行较全面的评价。       

太阳能路灯控制硬件电路设计

为实现太阳能路灯的智能开关控制、自动充放电、节能调光以及保护蓄电池等功能,设计了电源供电模块、AD采集模块、充放电控制模块、串口通信模块4个系统模块,并将系统设计成负系统,以保证系统稳定可靠的工作。     

The influence of regulatory forest policy tools on biodiversity measures for forests in Ukraine

The transition from a state-oriented forest economy to a market-oriented one requires a critical analysis of the set of tools designed to implement state forest policies. One of the important goals of Ukrainian forest policy is conservation of the biodiversity of forest ecosystems. This paper analyzes the influence of two of the regulatory forest policy instruments (zoning and prohibition of final harvesting) on the diversity of woody vegetation using Tobit regression. Data on the forest resources of the Sumy administrative province in Ukraine are used for the analysis. Additionally, we look at how diversity of woody vegetation is affected by the form of forest tenure.     

福建水土保持型竹种选择

福建省山地多,土层薄,极易造成水土流失现象。营造水土保持林是治理水土流失的主要生物措施。福建是我国竹类植物的主要产区,许多竹种具有很强的水土保持性能。本文在已有研究成果的基础上,选出了适应福建省自然条件、水土保持性能好且具有一定经济价值的竹类植物种;认为霞山坭竹、车筒竹、黄纹竹、硬头黄竹、四季竹和花吊丝竹6个竹种在福建水土流失治理中可优先选择利用。     

Population structure and regeneration of multiple-use tree species in a semi-deciduous African tropical rainforest: Implications for primate conservation

The conservation of threatened frugivorous primates (e.g. chimpanzees) and birds in the Albertine Rift Ecoregion rainforests requires the conservation of food tree species aided by an understanding of their natural regeneration and population trends. However, little is known of the population structure and regeneration patterns of a wide range of multiple-use tree species in many of these forests.     

Commercial forest fertilization causes long-term residual effects in ground vegetation of boreal forests

Due to an increasing demand of forestry products, nitrogen (N) fertilization of coniferous forests may in the future become a standard silvicultural practice in parts of the boreal region that is not too remotely situated. Beside positive effects on productivity, forest fertilization may induce changes in species composition of the ground vegetation. More information on the magnitude of such side effects is needed to evaluate whether commercial forest fertilization is in accordance with principles of sustainable forestry and preservation of biodiversity.     

The status and conservation of whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in China

There are five species of swan in the world. Three of them were recorded in China. They are whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), whistling swan (Cygnus columbianus) and mute swan (Cygnus olor). Among them. whooper swan is the most famous in China. Whooper swan is a resident bird in China. They breed in Xinjiang Ugyur Autonomous Region. Inner Mongol Autonomous Region. Heilongjiang Province. etc., and winter in Qinghai. Shandong. Henan Province, etc, and the lower reaches of the Changjiang River. The total number in China is about 5.000 in breeding grounds and 15.000 in wintering grounds. Higher number were found in 1960s. Because of the changes in environment and hunting, of picking up eggs and of catching nestlings, their population is being reduced rapidly. They are in danger now. In order to protect the whooper swans, some protection measures must be taken, such as strengthening public education and scientific research, estabilshing a base of raising and breeding: developing international cooperation, strengthening the construction of natural reserves in the breeding and wintering grounds. Up to the end of 1993. 34 natural reserves have been established in China. (Responsible Editor: Sun Yueqi)     

Can Bioprospecting Save Itself?

Abstract

Bioprospecting has had a bumpy ride over the last twenty years. High expectations for bioprospecting peaked in 1991 when Costa Rica's INBio program reached a signature deal with Merck Pharmaceuticals. But hopes have waned as bioprospecting has yielded few promising compounds and little in the way of conservation benefits. This paper examines the potential for bioprospecting to contribute to conservation efforts, both broadly and within the specific context of Panama. Today, global markets for bioprospecting services stand at an estimated $60 million per year. A new model for bioprospecting, exemplified by Panama's ICBG project, may be emerging, one that takes a more business-oriented approach to finding drugs. By using ecological insights to guide sample collection, monetizing compounds earlier, and leveraging institutional clout, ICBG Panama may be increasing its odds of scientific success and contributing to conservation in non-monetary ways. I argue that in addition, ICBG Panama, its funders, and other bioprospectors must increase the scale of their operations if they are to create sustainable entities in the Darwinian world of drug discovery. Finally, I make specific policy recommendations for improving the supply and demand of bioprospecting in Panama and globally.