几种植物生长调节剂对葡萄果实大小和品质的效应

对ＣＰＰＵ、ＧＡ＿３、ＰＤＪ和Ｓ－ＡＢＡ等几种植物生长调节剂组合对葡萄果实大小和品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明：在盛花期前１０天ＧＡ＿３５０×１０￣（－６）配合盛花后１０天ＣＰＰＵ１０×１０（－６）和ＧＡ＿３１０×１０￣（－６）混合处理，增大白香蕉葡萄果穗和果粒重量的效果明显，同时增加了果实可溶性固形物含量和着色度。在盛花后１５天ＣＰＰＵ５×１０￣（－６）配合果实着色始期ＰＤＪ２５０×１０（－６）的处理，可明显增大藤稔葡萄果穗、单粒重及可溶性固形物含量，并促进果面着色。     

节水灌溉对葡萄及葡萄酒质量的影响

 研究了不同灌溉方法对葡萄生长发育、浆果品质和葡萄酒质量的影响。结果表明, 节水灌溉显著改善了土壤结构, 增加了深层土壤的根系密度; 提高了果汁糖含量, 降低了酸含量和全盐含量, 改善了pH 值; 提高了葡萄酒的感官质量, 酒体丰满, 香气浓郁, 滋味更好; 年灌溉用水量3825 ~ 4800m3# hm^-2, 比常规灌溉节水36%。     

无核白葡萄果实发育期间矿质元素和营养成分变化

无核白葡萄在果实生长发育期间，果实的增大主要在其生长前期和转熟后的一段时间；果实转熟后，糖分积累明显加快，有机酸含量迅速下降；果实中Ｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｂ含量在其发育的前期最高，随着果实的膨大，各元素浓度呈下降趋势，但变化幅度趋缓。Ｋ的浓度在果实转熟期后，随着糖分的增高而升高。单果中各元素的含量在不同发育期内总体表现为增高趋势。     

Influence of methyl jasmonate in conjunction with ethanol on the formation of volatile compounds in berries belonging to the Rosaceae

The effect of methyl jasmonate in combination with ethanol on the formation of aroma constituents in berryfruit belonging to the Rosaceae was investigated. Postharvest treatments of raspberries, strawberries and blackberries were carried out. After evaluating the aromatic fractions of the berries, esters and terpenes were the most abundant compounds. There were different effects of the treatment according to the berry species. In contrast to raspberries, which exhibited a significant decline (p < 0.05) in the total amount of volatiles after treatment, a significant (p < 0.05) enhancement of total volatile compounds was observed in strawberries, while no significant effect was found in blackberries. Esters and terpene compounds responded similarly in strawberries and blackberries suggesting similarity in the biochemistry of their aroma synthesis. In contrast, raspberry volatile compounds showed a different pattern, reflecting different biosynthetic pathways for aroma formation in raspberry. The natural volatile compounds, methyl jasmonate and ethanol, seemed to have either promoting effects on the formation of the (−)-enantiomers of chiral terpenes and ionones or inhibitory effects on the synthesis of the corresponding (+)-enantiomers.     

反复冻融法对枸杞多糖溶出率的研究

[目的]探究反复冻融法对枸杞多糖溶出率的影响。[方法]通过对解冻温度、冻结时间、冻融次数、冻结温度进行单因素试验及正交试验,验证反复冻融法对枸杞多糖的提取效果影响。[结果]当温度低于45℃时,枸杞多糖的溶出率随温度的升高而升高,当温度高于45℃时,枸杞多糖的溶出率却降低;随着冻融次数的增多,枸杞多糖的溶出率逐渐增大,但超过3次以后溶出率提升并不明显;随着冻结时间的增长,枸杞多糖的溶出率逐渐增大,当冻结时间超过3 h后,枸杞多糖溶出率趋于平稳,无明显变化;随着冻结温度的降低,枸杞多糖的融出率逐渐增大,当冻结温度低于-24℃后,枸杞多糖融出率趋于平稳,无明显变化。[结论]反复冻融法提取枸杞多糖的最佳工艺组合为:解冻温度45℃,冻融次数4次,冻结时间3 h,冻结温度-28℃。     

浆果类果实采后病害及天然产物对其的抑制作用研究

浆果类水果作为重要的经济作物,在世界范围内均有种植.然而,由病原真菌引起的采后病害,是浆果类水果减产的主要原因,造成了巨大的经济损失.本文系统地阐述了浆果类水果包括草莓、蓝莓、葡萄、猕猴桃、石榴等在内的浆果类水果采后的主要致病菌,以及植物提取物、精油、壳聚糖和拮抗菌等天然产物对果实采后致病真菌的抑菌效果,为采后浆果类水...     

葡萄果实发育后期脱落酸来源的研究

  以‘品丽珠’(Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet-Franc) 葡萄为试材, 对发育后期果实中脱落酸(ABA) 的来源进行了研究。结果表明, 叶片合成的ABA 可能是果实中ABA 的重要来源, 而根部ABA 的合成对果实中ABA 含量贡献不大。种子中ABA 的合成可能不是果肉中ABA 的重要来源。果实具有独立合成和降解ABA 的能力。对果实内ABA 含量变化的代谢调控问题进行了讨论。     

巨峰葡萄主梢和副梢坐果与内源激素的关系

巨峰葡萄副梢坐果率、有种子果粒率、果粒的平均种子数明显高于主梢。在小花发育过程中主梢的小花重、小花纵径、横径明显重于或大于副梢。主梢花的子房壁明显厚于副梢，子房壁的细胞层数也多于副梢，但子房壁的细胞大小两者之间没有差异。另外胚珠、珠心大小也没有差异。主梢小花中的IAA与细胞分裂素水平较高，ABA水平较低，副梢小花中的GA水平较高。开花前2～3周用高浓度的NAA与CPPU处理副梢小花则加重落花落果。由此可见，开花前小花中较高水平的IAA与细胞分裂素很可能是加快小花发育和引起落花落果的原因。     

根域加温对促成栽培绯红葡萄生长发育的影响

连续2年以“Y”形整枝的2年生葡萄绯红(VitisviniferaL.cv.Cardinal)品种为试材,在超早促成栽培的早期进行根域土壤加温处理,探讨其对根域土壤温度、树体发育和果实品质的影响。结果表明,根域加温提高促成栽培早期土壤温度约10℃,各物候期均早于未加温处理2～5d,新梢生长好,叶面积大;花穗发育好,单株果穗数显著增加;果汁含糖量和果皮花青素含量增加,可滴定酸降低,果实品质提高;果粒重量、果穗重量和单株产量均显著高于未加温处理。并就根域加温效果的形成机理进行了探讨。     

Water status,leaf area and fruit load influence on berry weight and sugar accumulation of cv. ‘Tempranillo’ under semiarid conditions

Berry weight (BW) and sugar concentration (SC) are relevant indices in viticulture since they can be easily measured and, when considered together, give a relatively fair estimation of grape quality. This work aims to evaluate the influence of water availability, leaf area and fruit load on BW and SC, estimating the relative importance of these factors. Leaf area (LA), berry number (BN), yield (YLD), water potential in summer (ψ_pd-s), BW and SC were measured in 16 and 17 ‘Tempranillo’ vineyards in 1999 and 2000, respectively. In all the vineyards, according to local practices, the irrigation amount decreased as summer progressed. The study vineyards comprised a broad range of situations concerning leaf area, fruit load and water status in summer. Average leaf water potential in summer and LA/BN ratio, when considered together, estimated properly BW (R² = 0.91; P < 0.001) and, in a similar way, ψ_pd-s and LA/YLD ratio estimated SC (R² = 0.74; P < 0.001). The relative weight of ψ_pd-s in both relationships was much higher than that of any of the LA:fruit ratios, showing that, under semiarid conditions, water availability plays the main role in regulation of berry growth and sugar accumulation and, therefore, the highest attention should be paid in these areas to irrigation management, seeking the degree of stress that allows optimizing the combination of yield and berry quality in each situation.