笼养疣鼻天鹅孵化期行为时间分配与日节律的性别差异

2011年1月至6月,用瞬时扫描法对浙江萧山珍禽养殖场的疣鼻天鹅(Cygnus olor)进行了观察和数据分析。研究发现,疣鼻天鹅在孵化期的行为时间分配存在明显的性别差异。雌(雄)性在孵化期重要行为的时间分配为:筑巢9.84%(雄4.67%),繁殖75.41%(雄4.14%),采食2.58%(雄7.85%),理羽4.00%(雄10.39%),站立1.52%(雄15.48%),游走0.52%(雄4.26%),警戒0.90%(雄3.93%),休息2.77%(雄30.74%),游泳2.23%(雄16.55%),洗澡0.24%(雄2.00%)。对不同性别疣鼻天鹅的时间分配进行独立样本T检验,结果显示:孵化期雌雄疣鼻天鹅除在理羽行为上差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其他行为都存在差异显著(P<0.05),在繁殖、站立、游走、休息、游泳及洗澡行为上差异极显著(P<0.01)。通过不同天气条件的比较,表明疣鼻天鹅不仅在行为时间分配上不同,而且不同性别在行为时间分配上也存在明显差异。     

艾虎气味对根田鼠行为和繁殖的影响(英文)

本文主要利用艾虎（Mustila eversmanni）气味作为捕食风险源，于1997年4月至12月在中国科学院西北高原生物研究所生态学实验室，研究其对根田鼠（Microtus oeconomus）社会行为、觅食、繁殖和性激素的影响。结果表明，当暴露于艾虎气味中时，根田鼠产生繁殖迟滞，且交配行为的频率显著降低(P<0.01)。与对照组相比较，雌体亲密行为和两性一般动作的累积时间显著增加（P<0.01）。两性一般动作（P<0.01）、探究活动（雌体：P<0.05；雄体：P <0.01）和自我修饰（P <0.01）的频次显著降低。同时，根田鼠能量的摄入（P<0.05）和体重（P<0.01）都显著降低。雌体的卵巢指数和胎仔重量也显著降低（P<0.01），雄体的附睾精子数则极显著降低（P<0.01）。艾虎气味条件下，根田鼠雌体的血清孕酮显著增加（P<0.01）。     

饮用微酸性电解水对罗斯308肉鸡生长性能和行为的影响

本试验研究饮用微酸性电解水对罗斯308肉鸡生长性能和行为的影响,旨在为微酸性电解水在肉鸡养殖中的应用提供参考。选择体重相近、健康的10日龄罗斯308肉鸡300只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饮用常规饮用水,试验组分别饮用余氯为0.3、0.5、0.7、1.0 mg/L的微酸性电解水,试验期21 d。结果表明:10~30日龄,0.7、1.0 mg/L电解水组的饮水量比对照组增加了9.27%和7.67%(P<0.05),0.7、1.0 mg/L电解水组的平均日采食量较对照组均有增加(P>0.05),0.7 mg/L电解水组平均日增重比对照组降低了11.99%(P<0.05),0.5 mg/L电解水组的耗料增重比比对照组降低了12.29%(P<0.05),0.5 mg/L电解水组死淘率最低;试验组的站立、采食、饮水频率均高于对照组,0.5 mg/L电解水组的振翅行为最低。综上,饮用微酸性电解水对肉鸡的生长性能以及行为有积极的影响。     

圈养东北虎育幼期行为观察

2017年3月19日昆明动物园1头雌性东北虎产下3只幼仔。本项研究通过监控视频,使用瞬时扫描法,记录了雌虎及幼虎在此日后30 d内的行为并进行了整理和分析;观察结果显示,雌虎在哺乳初期的行为以休息和哺乳为主,分别占到了行为总频率的55.13%和19.21%,而幼虎在哺乳初期的行为以休息和吮乳为主,分别占到了71.25%和12.98%。不同时期雌虎出现的休息、哺乳、亲幼虎行为差异显著(P<0.05),移动、进食和其他行为的差异极显著(P<0.01);幼虎表现出的休息、吮乳、拱拔、张望、玩耍和其他行为在6个时期都呈现极显著差异(P<0.01),亲雌虎行为差异显著(P<0.05),而移动行为在不同时期的差异不显著;幼虎在哺乳初期还有新的行为发育出现。     

蚜虫的寄主选择与取食行为

本文综述了作为植物病毒主要介体蚜虫的寄主选择和取食行为。蚜虫对寄主的选择主要为有翅蚜。有翅蚜的活动可分为4个行为阶段:停息相、迁飞相,进攻相和定居相。蚜虫的寄主选择主要在迁飞相和进攻相,并按一定的行为序列进行。决定蚜虫寄主选择行为序列执行的因素主要是食物源刺激,蚜虫在活动中若得到适当的正向刺激,就开始取食。由于大多数蚜虫吸食韧皮部,因此对蚜虫的口针导向机制进行了解释。     

A note on the consistency of a behavioral play marker in piglets

Background： Play behavior has been proposed as a new potential indicator of animal welfare. Animals play only if they are in a relaxed state. Play may improve adaptability to challenging environments which may be of interest in the breeding objective. Little information is available on play behavior in livestock species. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether play behavior in post-weaned piglets can be induced instantly in the presence of additional space and whether play markers are body weight, sex, and litter dependent, it is investigated whether playfulness is elicited by the moment or if this measure is consistent over different days. Methods： Thirty two piglets from four litters were released into a corridor and video recorded for eight min at 37, 41, 44 and 48 d of age. The first test was considered as an adjustment period and was not included in the analysis. In the second to the fourth test, joyful brusque movements （jumping, turning and running） were recorded with a camera and total number of movements （JOY#） and total time （JOYtime） were estimated individually. Animals were weighed at 41 d of age. Results： Females had higher scores of JOY# and JOYtime than males but this was significant only for JOY# at 41 d of age （P 〈 0.05）. The effect of age was highly significant both for JOY# and JOYtime （P 〈 0.01）. Animals with a higher JOY# and JOYtime also expressed a higher JOY# and JOYtime in the other tests, but this was significant only between 44 and 48 d of age （P〈 0.01）. Body weight at 41 d of age was not significantly related to JOY# and JQYtime in any of the tests. Conclusions： Locomotor play was induced instantly by the provision of increased space allowance. Litter origin had a significant effect on play behavior. In addition, locomotor play scores were consistent between two of the three tests.