The Estimation of Soil Trace Elements Distribution and Soil-Plant-Animal Continuum in Relation to Trace Elements Status of Sheep in Huangcheng Area of Qilian Mountain Grassland,China

The purpose of the present study was to survey contents of trace elements of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in the surface layer (0-20 cm) in the soil, pasture and serum of sheep in Huangcheng area of Qilian mountain grassland, China. Also the soil-plant-animal continuum was analyzed. Soil (n=300), pasture (n=60), and blood serum samples from sheep (n=480) were collected from Huangcheng area of Qilian mountain grassland, China. The contents of trace element in the samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after digestion. The soil trace elements density distribution shows a ladder-like pattern distribution. Equations developed in the present study for prediction of Fe (R²=0.943) and Zn (R²=0.882) had significant R² values.     

山地农业园景观生态规划研究

以聚相山农业园规划为例,通过土地适应性分析,结合景观构成类型,规划六大生态景点,建立良好的生态景点格局;加强景观斑块互补、注重产业生态循环,建立良好的景观生态系统,提出针对山地农业园可持续发展的景观生态规划方案,以期为山地农业园的规划提供借鉴。     

Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity

To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance.     

Movement of the fluvial form of masu salmon, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus masou masou</Emphasis>, in a mountain stream in Kyushu,Japan

Using mark-recapture methods, the movements of the fluvial form of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou) in a mountain stream on the island of Kyushu, Japan, were studied. Most (78%) of the masu salmon were recaptured in the pool in which they had been originally caught and tagged. Of those that moved between pools, the proportion of individuals that moved during the breeding period was not significantly higher than the proportion that moved during the non-breeding period. However, during the breeding period, a higher proportion of larger salmon moved than did smaller fish. The proportion of mobile large males during breeding period was higher than that for small males. Also, it was found that a few individuals showed long-range movement in the autumn. As a long-term movement, 78 individual fish (65%) that were recaptured more than three times showed high sedentary tendencies. Sixteen individual mobile fish (13%) moved and returned to the original pool. Fluvial form of masu salmon in Kyushu show a high sedentary nature; however, large mature males seem to actively move in search of female during breeding period.     

药剂浸泡种茎对布朗山区木薯地下害虫的防效评价

为了有效防控云南布朗山区木薯重要地下害虫的发生与危害,本试验针对性地开展种茎无害化药剂处理的防效评价研究。结果表明：选用环保型杀虫剂48%乐斯本乳油1 000倍液和1.8%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍液的1∶1混合液浸泡木薯种茎5和10 min后种植效果最好,平均出苗率分别由无任何处理对照的62.5%及清水对照的75.0%和75.6%显著提高到96.5%和97.0%,平均虫害率分别由无任何处理对照的56.8%及清水对照的45.0%和44.8%显著下降到6.3%和5.5%,平均产量分别由无任何处理对照的1 11     

海北高寒草甸地区太阳总辐射、植被反射辐射的有关特征

祁连山海北高寒草甸地区,有较强的太阳总辐射及地表反射辐射.通过2000年观测结果表明,在植物生长期的4～10月,太阳总辐射和地表反辐射总量分别达422.049MJ·m^-2和93.556MJ·m^-2.二者有明显的日变化规律,瞬时最高值出现于北京时间13～14h左右,日瞬时最大值分别可达1200W·m^-2和220W·m^-2以上.植物生长期间太阳总辐射变化受太阳高度角及其当地气候环境的影响,太阳高度角高或气候干燥时太阳总辐射值大,而地表反辅射依太阳总辐射的变化而变化,二者均在月最高,5月次高.植物生长后期,气候湿润,太阳总辐射和地表反射辐射均较低.地表反射率不论在日间还是植物生长的季节间,均表现一"U"型变化过程,其中日间在中午前后最低,最低可达0.19,季节变化以6～月最低,约为0.21,当然受土壤潮湿程度及地表性质等影响,其它时间也可降到0.21.就整个植物生长期内来看,祁连山海北高寒草甸地区地表反射率平均约为0.23.     

金佛山地区兰科植物的分布及区系组成

】金佛山现有兰科植物３８属、８４种,其区系组成以亚热带和温带的东亚区系成分为主。其中,广布东亚植物区的种类有２０属２６种,属于东亚植物区中的中国—日本亚区的种类有２１属３５种,属于东亚植物区中的中国—喜马拉雅植物亚区的种类有１２属２２种,属印度马来区系的种类１种。金佛山地区兰科植物中国特有种有２８种,该地区特有种仅１种。     

河北省白石山国家地质公园蜘蛛名录

本项研究通过对河北省涞源县白石山国家地质公园2671头蜘蛛标本的采集、整理、鉴定及分析,基本弄清了该地区的蜘蛛组成,目前白石山蜘蛛共计23科、68属、123种。     

鄂西山区玉米病害发生情况和趋势分析

综合分析了2007～2008年鄂西山区玉米品种区域试验和玉米生产上的病害发生情况.结果表明,鄂西山区玉米生产上主要的病害除了常发的玉米大斑病、小斑病、纹枯病、穗腐病、茎腐病、锈病外,玉米灰宽病发展速度快.为害日益加重,成为鄂西山区玉米生产上不容忽视的限制因子.     

用生态经济沟的经验建设生态经济岗

本文总结了太行山区过去几十年林业生产的教训,把近几年的“生态经济沟”经验,应用到太行山南部低海拔岗坡地形区的开发治理中,提出了建设“生态经济岗”的设想及盘龙岗试点的规划方案。