云南小粒种咖啡豆精制加工工艺

论述了云南小粒种咖啡豆的精制加工工艺流程及工艺要点,其工艺经过试验验证,设计科学合理,可操作性强,并已投入生产使用。     

饲料安全控制及其对策探讨

从饲料加工安全的角度,分析了目前饲料安全隐患的成因和控制要点,探讨了饲料安全控制的对策。     

加工型大枣新品种沧蜜1号的选育

沧蜜1号是以沧州枣树品种资源为材料,经过初选、复选和决选而选育出的枣新品种。果实长圆形,平均单果重17．2g,最大单果重35．2g,果实大小整齐,果形一致,果点大、白色,果面平整光洁,果肉白绿色,肉质疏松,汁液少,核长椭圆形,可食率97．7％,在沧州地区8月中旬白熟,9月上中旬完熟。白熟期采收最适宜加工,可加工成无核水晶蜜枣、有核硬蜜和香酸蜜枣,品质极上。耐瘠薄,抗盐碱,抗病虫能力强。2008年12月通过河北省林木品种审定委员会审定,定名为沧蜜1号。     

Analysis of trade in illegally harvested timber: Accounting for trade via third party countries

The paper presents a model to analyse trade in illegally harvested timber with a particular focus on trade via third party countries. The model is deduced from the conventional input–output-analysis. In contrast to this type of analysis, inverse export coefficients are introduced to analyse the effect of a certain amount of country-specific supply, e.g., of illegally harvested timber, to the use of wood and wood products of all other countries, based on trade relationships. A database has been compiled especially for application of the model. It comprises data on industrial round-wood production in terms of industrial wood harvested and removed from the forest; recovered wood fibre in the form of recovered paper and waste wood; bilateral trade of 272 wood-based commodities in m³ raw wood equivalent (rwe), and domestic use of those commodities. Two scenarios expressing high and low estimates of illegal harvesting for all countries have been employed in the model. The model reveals the trade linkages between all countries of the world and allows quantification of the global supply and use arising from illegal harvesting. Furthermore it allows calculation of the import of illegally harvested timber for each country of the world. And finally, the model likewise allows the quantification of domestic use of illegally harvested timber for each country of the world.The results show that international trade increases the global domestic supply of illegally harvested timber by more than 70% in each scenario. In particular industrial round-wood from Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia and Myanmar passes through many countries until it ends in form of finished wood products in the country of final destination. Not only due to suggested illegally harvested timber in the own country, but also due to strongly developed trade relationships, China holds the lead in total supply and use of illegally harvested timber. However this result must be seen against the background of the large population in China. This aspect also helps to explain the predominant position of China, Brazil and Russia with regard to the domestic use of illegally harvested timber. A comparison of import of illegally harvested timber on the basis of “simple” (covering only bilateral trade) and inverse export coefficients demonstrates the model's merit. The hitherto usually simple approach underestimates the “real” trade by a third up to a half.     

木材检验工作在实施“天然林保护工程”中的作用

木材检验工作贯穿于木材生产经营的全过程,它与木材产值、产量、质量、品种以及出材率等主要经济技术指标息息相关,所以必须对木材检验工作给予足够的重视。     

Log Characteristics and Sawn Timber Recovery of Home-Garden Teak from Wet and Dry Localities of Kerala, India

There is a widely held view among smallholders that teak timber produced from small-scale agroforestry systems, especially home-garden forestry, fetches a lower price than that from conventional plantation forestry. To examine the veracity of this view, the wood quality attributes of teak from two home gardens in the district of Ernakulam (wet site) and Palakkad (dry site) in India were compared to those of forest plantation in Nilambur. The logs were graded using standard timber trade practices into high, medium and low quality as determined by the potential sawn timber grade-yield recovery pattern. Of 96 home garden teak logs (aged 35 years) from wet and dry sites, 59% belonged to timber Grade II–IV and the rest were classified as poles. Grade I logs (export quality) with a girth above 150 cm were not available from either of the homesteads. Faster-grown teak in the wet site produced large diameter logs (dbh 1.37 m) with average diameter of 39.6 cm, which is comparable to that of best site quality in India. In contrast, the average dbh for teak grown in the dry site was 24 cm as compared to the average dbh of 31 cm recorded from the same aged forest plantation in Nilambur. It was found that only 10% of logs belonged to Grade II timber and the rest fell under grades III and IV with more frequent visual defects. The sawn timber recovery percentage was lower for the dry site (66.8%), whereas there was no significant difference in grade from the wet and forest plantation sites, with recovery rates of 76.5% and 78.8%, respectively. The general notion that home garden teak has a large proportion of sapwood seems to be baseless, no significant difference being found between the heartwood-sapwood ratio of home-garden and forest plantation teak. Lack of appropriate silvicultural practices in home-garden forestry caused the production of more defective logs, adversely affecting the market price of timber.

两种炮制方法对附子品质的影响

探讨了两种不同的炮制方法对附子品质的影响.采用高压蒸煮法和微波加热法处理附片,测定炮制前后总生物碱、乌头碱、水浸出物和醇浸出物含量的变化.结果表明,附子经过高压蒸煮和微波炮制后,总生物碱、乌头碱含量大幅下降,水浸出物含量升高,醇浸出物含量变化较小.这两种炮制方法对附子品质有较大的影响.     

农产品特征建模的光照处理算法研究

由于实际环境中成像条件的限制,造成图像的光照不均匀,进而影响基于图形图像农产品特征建模技术的准确性.针对这一问题,提出光照处理技术的一些算法,结果表明通过光照处理技术能够有效地恢复农产品在实际情况下的真实情况,进一步完善农产品特征建模.     

图像处理在芒果自动选别中的应用

通过对芒果成熟期3种品质指标测定的同时,拍摄数字相片,以计算机图像分析技术为手段,采集芒果颜色参数,研究3种颜色模型中与芒果品质变化相关的颜色特征量,归纳出合适的颜色参数与芒果品质指标值间关系式,用于推导芒果的成熟度.并结合形状、表面斑痕、颜色分布等特征,经图像处理和运算,抽取出所需的几何尺寸和突变部位的数据,作为样品分级的依据.以期建立一种与人工目视辨别有相同精确度、高效率、客观的自动选别评价体系.     

云南省竹子害虫初报

自2000年开始,对云南省竹子害虫进行调查,共采集标本1500余号。结合资料记载,认为云南省竹子害虫共计7目49科224种,绝大部分种类危害较小,仅竹舞蚜、居竹伪角蚜、竹缘蝽属、竹枝叶野螟、竹蠹螟、刚竹毒蛾和笋横锥大象危害较大,分布较广,其中尤以竹蠹螟(Omphisasp.)、刚竹毒蛾(Pantana phyllostachysae)和笋横锥大象(Cyrtotrachelus buqueti)危害严重。为促进云南省竹产业的快速、健康发展,建议对该省竹子病虫害进行全面系统调查,并依据调查结果制定相应对策。