竹炭吸湿性的初步研究

选用箱式电阻炉和土窑烧制的竹炭,在不同温度和湿度条件下进行竹炭吸湿性变化的试验.结果表明:(1)500℃、600℃、800℃和土窑(二)的竹炭其吸湿性与温湿度有较显著关系;而700℃竹炭和土窑(一)竹炭的吸湿性与温湿度之间没有显著关系.在一定温湿度范围内,湿度对竹炭吸湿性的影响比温度显著.(2)不同炭化温度之间的竹炭其吸湿性不同.800℃的竹炭其吸湿性最大,其值为11.5%,500℃的竹炭最小,其值为8.6%;600℃的竹炭8.8%;700℃的竹炭为11.3%.(3)不同土窑的竹炭其吸湿性有显著差异.土窑(一)和土窑(二)的竹炭吸湿值分别为9.8%和6.4%.     

Green color protection of bamboo culms using one-step alkali pretreatment-free process

This study evaluated the protection effectiveness of alcohol-borne reagents for the green color of ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel). The results show that the types and concentrations of alcohol-borne reagents, the kinds of solvent, and the conditions of treatment greatly affected the green color of these two bamboo species. Without alkali pretreatment, an excellent green color protection (a* = −14.5) was obtained when the ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.5% methanol-borne copper chloride (CuCl₂) at 60°C for 30 min. Similar results were also obtained when ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.5% methanol-borne copper nitrate [Cu(NO₃)₂] at 60°C for 2 h (a* = −13.5). For moso bamboo, an attractive green color in the bamboo culms was achieved by treating the specimens with 1% methanol-borne copper acetate [Cu(CH₃COO)₂] at 60°C for 30 min. The a* value of treated specimens was −13.3. In addition, results demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment was more effective on green color protection than conventional water bath treatment. When moso bamboo was treated with 1% copper acetate at 60°C in an ultrasonic bath for only 15 min, a remarkable green color with an a* value of −13.6 was obtained on the bamboo epidermis.     

浅析出境竹制品检疫的三个关键点

湖州安吉县每年大量的竹制品出境,笔者针对当前竹制品检疫工作中产品水分含量、抽样方法、检疫项目这三个关键点,简要分析了存在的问题以及探讨解决的方法.     

国外纸业用竹近况

本文综述国外对竹子特性及其在制浆造纸工业利用的近况。包括竹子的备料、制浆、漂白和废液处理等,其中较为详细地叙述了竹子的硫酸盐法,碱性亚硫酸盐—蒽醌法制浆和硫酸盐浆的漂白研究。对于某些工厂应用的实例也有介绍。     

竹材表面润湿性研究

从竹材表面润湿性的原理推导入手,采用测定竹材表面接触角的方法,对竹材表面的自由能、路易丝-范得华力和酸碱力关系进行研究,并分析不同部位和不同处理方法对竹材表面湿润性的影响.结果表明:表面粗糙度,抽提物的含量和分布是影响竹材表面润湿性的主要原因;竹材的表面自由能是以路易丝-范得华力为主体;竹材表面的自由能差异主要由竹材表面的酸碱力引起;竹材表面具有稳定的路易丝-范得华力,其数值大小不受竹材表面的化学成分的影响.     

优良笋用竹种引种试验总结报告

1987年冬和1988年冬二次从浙江引种六个笋用竹种1.56万株,成活率达90％以上,发笋率达80％以上,新竹的秆基粗度已达到母竹的粗度,引种是成功的。本文分析了各引种环节的技术效果。     

嘉兴市优良笋用竹林的开发技术

嘉兴市共有十五种栽培竹种,其中以毛竹、早竹、嘉兴雷竹、花哺鸡竹、乌哺鸡竹、红竹等6种为主,竹林面积占总面积的95％以上。从1987年到1990年通过调整结构,改善生长条件,完善采收技术等措施,建立了一个31.12亩丰产样板竹林。平均亩产、最高亩产分别为548.7 kg和1121 kg,亩均产较改造前和对照平均增加5倍。样板林经济效益显著,投入与产出之比达1:9.88。     

浅析竹类植物的城市生态环境效应

竹子具有显著的生态效应，在生态建设中发挥着巨大的作用。在总结有关竹类植物生态效应研究成果的基础上，针对现代城市环境特点，着重分析竹类植物对城市环境的生态作用，指出在城市生态环境建设中应重视竹类植物的运用及其生态功能的持续有效发挥。     

Cross-sectional cutting of bamboo with a pair of shearing blades for bamboo cube production

As a new use of bamboo, bamboo cubes may be useful as a shot-blast material for surface treatments. However, a suitable processing technique for bamboo cubes has not been established. In this study, to obtain basic knowledge regarding the processing technology for bamboo cubes, we installed shearing blades (upper and lower blades) in a universal testing machine to test cross-sectional shearing of bamboo. The shearing force generated in this shearing was composed of a vertical component (F _v), a forward component (F _f), and a side component (F _s). This shearing force (F _v, F _f, and F _s) and the machining accuracy were investigated under various processing conditions. The shearing force became larger as the thickness of bamboo increased. In particular, F _v showed a tendency to increase rapidly. Changes in the shear angle of the upper blade had a remarkable influence on F _v. This result suggests that the shearing force could be greatly decreased by adjusting the shear angle. The shearing force within bamboo of 3mm in thickness was almost unaffected by the blade angle, and the change of shearing force with increasing clearance was almost indiscernible. It was clearly demonstrated that a large number of bamboo cubes could be made when the shear angle was large and cross-sectional shearing was performed from the bark side. However, a consequence of a large shear angle is that burr area increases. Part of this article was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, March 2003     

中国竹子的种植前途

在过去,中国竹类资源主要被农户作为林副产品自用,很少与市场关联。近年来,由于谷物供应的过剩和农业环境的恶化,大家都在寻找既能够保护环境又能满足市场需求的替代作物。竹子紧密关联着农、林二业,完全有可能用以应对中国农业面临的新挑战。在有记载的534种中国竹子中,153种生产可食竹笋,其中56种为优秀种;139种竹子可用于木材生产,其中58种为优秀种;116种竹子可生产优质竹篾,其中22种为优秀种;88种竹子适用于公园种植,其中34种为优秀种;45种竹子可生产纸浆,其中18种为优秀种。图5附录5参32。