竹黄多糖液态发酵培养基优化研究

[目的]为竹黄多糖的工业化生产提供理论依据。[方法]通过组织分离,从野生竹黄子实体中获得能产生竹黄多糖的无性株,然后用其进行液态发酵培养,通过摇瓶正交试验确定其最佳培养基配方。[结果]碳源、氮源、生长因子和初始pH值的影响均达显著水平（α=0．05）。其显著性依次为：碳源浓度〉生长因子浓度〉酸碱度〉氮源浓度,在交互作用中只有CGF×CN的影响达显著水平。方差分析结果表明,最佳培养基配方为：蔗糖20g／L＋酵母膏8g／L＋玉米浆2g／L,最佳初始pH值为6．0。当摇瓶装量为50／250ml（V／V）。接种量为10％（V／V）,培养温度为28℃,摇床转速为120r／min时,120h后发酵液的竹黄多糖含量为8g／L。[结论]该试验初步研究了利用竹黄无性菌株通过液态发酵生产竹黄多糖的培养基组成及培养条件。     

镉污染土壤中施用秸秆炭对水稻生长发育的影响

本研究以北方粳稻为材料,采用盆栽试验,研究了在轻度镉污染土壤中施用不同量炭对水稻生长发育及其净光合速率的影响。结果表明:在镉污染土壤中施用炭能够提高光合速率,增加干物质积累,提高产量,对水稻生长具有较大的促进作用。在水稻生长发育前期,不同施炭量处理对水稻茎、叶等干物质积累影响不显著,但至水稻抽穗期以后,这种影响初步显现,各不同施炭量处理均与对照(CK)有较大差异,表现为茎、叶、穗干物质增加,且在完熟期C1处理与其它处理均差异显著;不同施炭量处理对水稻净光合速率影响显著,各处理在不同发育时期均与对照有显著差异,在灌浆期以后,水稻净光合速率与蒸腾速率的提高,可促进水稻的物质积累与籽粒成熟,增加千粒重,提高结实率;在最终产量形成上,C1与C2处理均与对照达到极显著差异,分别比对照提高产量18.4%和2.92%。     

竹子诗画

竹子从笋、新篁到成熟的各个生长时期及其在日月光下的影子和风雨雷雪等气候中的形貌特征,皆被诗人画家所歌咏、描绘;人们又借助竹子有节、虚心和凌寒等生物学特性与人格品德相联系,加上湘妃竹、孟宗竹、青梅竹马和胸有成竹等传说典故,赋予竹丰厚的精神象征与人文内涵。除此之外,竹诗画还有其丰富的文化外延。       

竹炭的种类和用途

主要介绍竹炭的种类和它的主要用途,包括作燃料、空气净化与湿度调节、净化水、土壤改良、保鲜、卫生保健、屏蔽电磁波、工艺品制作等。     

基于多感官体验的农业观光园中竹子景观形象的设计

农业观光园是融农业生产与观光休闲于一体的新型园林,已成为21世纪户外休闲的时尚。从农业观光园的内在要求出发,提出了体验性景观形象设计,总结了竹子景观形象设计的视觉、味觉、嗅觉、听觉和触觉等多感官体验的要素,从形状、质地和色彩3个方面入手进行视觉的景观形象塑造,从筛选或开发具有食用、触摸等价值的竹种和产品,布局适宜的场所等方面出发进行其他感官的景观形象塑造。在农业观光园中,塑造竹子的体验性景观形象对营造富有特色体验的空间场所和设施有着重要意义,是景观设计的发展方向,其本质就是要使竹子景观更加感知化,激发游人内心的美妙感觉,实现人与景观良好互动。     

竹子育种工作现状及前景

回顾２０多年的竹子育种工作,指出主要成绩是：（１）培育出一批优良杂种,这些杂种生长旺盛,繁殖能力强,适应性广,种植面积约有６６６公顷。（２）竹子的组织培养技术逐渐完善,组织培养与常规育苗技术相结合可以快速繁殖苗,从而可解决优良品种繁殖难、传播难的问题。（３）几种竹子在试管里多次开花,这意味着可以通过组织培养促进竹子开花、保存开花材料,竹子育种工作的水平有希望在现有的基础上进一步提高。（４）竹子无性系选育工作开始起步,通过调查发现,现在普遍栽培的品种中,无性系间无论形态、产量、竹笋的风味等等方面均存在着差异,开发利用现有优良无性系是比较现实的一种获得遗传增益的好方法。竹子遗传改良工作今后着眼于定向培育营养价值高、风味好的笋用竹种,抗旱、耐久、纤维素含量高的纸浆竹种及观赏性强的园林竹种。而要解决的关键技术问题是成年竹的组织培养、试管苗花质量的改善及鉴别优良无性系的简便方法。     

丛生竹地板与毛竹地板吸声性能比较

以国产毛竹地板和印度丛生竹为原料制造的丛生竹地板为主要材料,用驻波管法测试了两种竹地板的吸声系数,比较了它们的吸声性能.结果显示:丛生竹地板的吸声性能好于毛竹地板,丛生竹地板和毛竹地板的平均吸声系数分别为0.231和0.213.在低频段(f≤1 000 Hz),毛竹地板的低频吸声特性优于丛生竹地板;在中高频段(1 000 Hz相似文献   

吊丝单竹、云南甜竹、大头典竹出笋规律调查与分析

通过对吊丝单竹、云南甜竹、大头典竹在相同抚育措施下出笋规律调查,结果表明:吊丝单竹出笋早,出笋量大,平均达37.05支/丛,但出笋总重量低,平均仅25.25kg/丛,云南甜竹、大头典竹出笋迟,但云南甜竹的笋总产量最高,达42.2kg/丛,大头典竹出笋产量仅次,达40.1kg/丛。从方差分析上看,吊丝单竹与云南甜竹、大头典竹间存在1%极显著水平。从出笋的月规律变化上看,7月下旬和8月中旬均是3种竹子出笋高峰期,而7月中旬和8月上旬均出现出笋低谷期,8月中旬过后均出现出笋逐渐减少趋势,吊丝单竹、大头典竹9月下旬产笋仅零星出现,云南甜竹出笋则在9月下旬仍达到一个小高潮,而后出笋逐渐停止。     

Surface deterioration of moso bamboo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllostachys pubescens</Emphasis>) induced by exposure to artificial sunlight

The effect of ultraviolet-visible light irradiation on changes in surface chemistry and morphology of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectroscopy were used in combination to study chemical changes induced by exposure to artificial sunlight (xenon lamp) for up to 160 h, and the resulting physical changes of cell walls of bamboo surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR results showed that significant changes occurred in the lignin component as indicated by considerable decreases in the intensities of the characteristic aromatic lignin peak at 1512 cm⁻¹ and other associated bands. This was accompanied by formation of new carbonyl groups at 1735 cm⁻¹, resulting in photooxidation of bamboo surfaces. The photosensitive nature of bamboo lignin was also demonstrated by FT-Raman analysis, in which obvious decreases in intensities of Raman bands at 1604 and 1630 cm⁻¹ mainly derived from lignin and free and esterified p-coumaric and ferulic acids were observed. SEM micrographs of the irradiated cross sections of bamboo revealed that significant damage occurred to the fiber walls, whereas the parenchyma cells exhibited slight distortion and some cracks occurred in the cell walls. The structures of cell corners and middle lamellae were nearly intact after irradiation.     

Intercalation of wood charcoal with sulfuric acid

Intercalation of wood charcoal with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) was investigated. Carbonized sugi (Japanese cedar) samples were prepared by heating at various temperatures in the range 1700°–2700°C. Electrochemical oxidization was carried out in H₂SO₄ and the feasibility of intercalation was determined. In potentiometric analysis, plateaus appeared for samples carbonized at temperatures above 2300°C. In their X-ray diffraction profiles, the peak at around 26° was shifted to a smaller angle of about 22.4°. These results can be considered as signs of intercalation with acid molecules. Fourier transform infrared analysis of charcoal heated at 2700°C, following washing with water and drying of the sample, showed a band at 1220 cm⁻¹ that was assigned to a sulfonate group. This band was not observed for samples heated at 1900°C. These observations suggest the occurrence of intercalation in the former charcoal, but not in the latter. It is concluded that wood charcoal can undergo intercalation when it has ordered stacking of hexagonal carbon layers. Part of this article was presented at the 55th, 56th, and 57th Annual Meetings of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, Hiroshima, and Tsukuba, August 2006, August 2007, and March 2008, respectively, and at the International Conference on Carbon “CARBON 2008,” Nagano, July 2008