松香大分子多相催化反应的孔效应研究

在大分多相催化反应中，由于反应物分子较大，使反应分子不能进入固相催化剂的微孔中与涵性组分接触，因而分布于载体微孔中的活性组分对于大分子的催化反应是无效的。本文报道了用“浸渍胶体”法制备出松香大分子改性用Pb/c催化剂，该催化剂活性组分较集中分布于活性炭表面及大孔周围。与传统浸渍法制备的Pd/c催化剂在松香歧化反应中比较，新方法制备的催化剂显示出更好的活性，克服了松香大分子因“孔效 ”造成传统浸渍法制备的Pd/c催化剂中小孔周围的活性组分不能效使用的缺点。     

竹胶合板——混凝土模板的构造与应用的研究

竹胶合板是我国最近开发的一种轻质、高强的代木材料。它的种类很多,其中用经纬编席坯板作胶合板的奇数间板,以帘吊内簧坯板作填层组合热压而成的毛竹经帘交压层积板,可以制作混凝土工程面板,以代替木材面板、钢面板以及其他材质面板。它既可与木材、钢材、工程塑料组成多种规格的模板体系;也可制成全竹胶普通模板。竹胶模板适应各种类型建筑工程的施工使用,安全轻便,装拆劳动强度小、工效高,施工经济效益好。     

几种防霉剂对提高非木材刨花板抗霉性能的研究

以17种防霉剂对竹材等4种非木材刨花板做了抗霉性能试验。结果8、9、7、6号防霉剂配方效果最好，分别施加这四种药剂的竹材等4种刨花板抗霉性能与落叶松刨花板相同，优于柳刨花板。将9号防霉剂施加于甘蔗渣、豆秸和玉秆刨花析对达到了较好的效果。     

木质炭复合剂促进农作物增产的研究

木质炭复合剂施于土壤,改善了土壤的理化性能;土壤微生物指标有明显的提高,增加了土壤生物固氮能力;木质炭复合剂具有利用水和空气合成微量氨的功能;木质炭复合剂应用于农业试验,作物不但生长态势旺盛,产量也取得了较大幅度的增长。总之,木质炭复合剂使用于农业实践具有一定的现实意义。     

毛竹笋用林增产因子分析

本文通过调查,发现在同毛竹笋用林增产有关的竹林结构和生长条件等诸多因子中,尤以肥料、叶面积指数和竹龄结构的关系最为密切。     

靖安县毛竹林经营现状及发展对策

分析靖安竹林经营现状,总结竹林经营成绩,提出深化改革、优化环境,坚持科技兴竹、发展竹林资源和强化源头管理、以法治竹的发展对策。     

Priming abiotic factors for optimal hybrid Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) PLB and callus induction,plantlet formation,and their subsequent cytogenetic stability analysis

Abiotic factors affect the induction of PLBs and callus in hybrid Cymbidium Twilight Moon ‘Day Light’. The initiation and proliferation of new PLBs and callus could be achieved on NAA and kinetin, supplemented at 0.1 mg l⁻¹ each, respectively, both within 45–60 days. Bacto agar was found to be the most suitable solidifying agent for PLB induction, although a higher shoot fresh weight was obtained on Gelrite; a pH 5.3 was optimal while pH 4.5 caused 100% explant necrosis; coconut water, when supplied at 10–20% (v/v) resulted in a significant increase in the number of PLBs formed per PLB segment (23.1 versus 14.6 in controls) while a massive (almost four-fold) increase in fresh top weight occurred when PLB explants were placed in liquid culture, as a result of hyperhydricity; Fe-EDTA (1 mg l⁻¹) and activated charcoal (1 g l⁻¹) stimulated total fresh weight and PLB formation in the presence of PGRs; PLB formation decreased but total fresh shoot weight increased with the addition of niacin or myo-inositol, both vitamins. Dark-grown PLB-induced plants were etiolated and had longer internodes and higher fresh weight than light-grown control plants at 45 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹; at 15 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ shoots were slightly etiolated, fragile, and PLB formation was scarce. RAPD and mtDNA analysis of all resultant PLBs, callus or plants showed them to be genetically identical, with comparable chlorophyll contents. Despite the detection of cytological variation between different plant parts, little variation resulted from abiotic factor treatment.     

茭白新品种金茭1 号的选育

金茭1号是从地方茭白品种优良变异单株中筛选出来的新品种,适宜海拔500￣700m高山台地种植的单季茭白,熟期早,品质优,肉质茎长条形,表皮光滑,肉质白嫩,长20.2￣22.8cm,粗3.1￣3.8cm,单壳茭重110￣135g,667m2产量1200￣1400kg。     

Breeding of disease-resistant seedless grapes using Chinese wild Vitis spp.: I. In vitro embryo rescue and plant development

Seedless grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) are widely grown in Europe, America and Asia. Fungal diseases are a great threat of them. Several wild Chinese Vitis species showed high resistance to many fungal diseases. Therefore, an investigation was conducted to assess the potential to incorporate these species in a breeding project for development of the disease-resistant seedless cultivars. Hybridization was conducted using V. vinifera as female parents and the wild Chinese Vitis spp. as male parents. In-ovulo embryo rescue was used to develop hybrid plants from the seedless females. An efficient protocol is reported here for the in vitro embryo rescue and plant development from the cross Emerald Seedless × Beichun. Ovules were excised from immature fruits 7 weeks after pollination (WAP) and cultured in the double-phase ER medium supplemented with 6.0% sucrose and 0.3% activated charcoal (AC). Following 8–12 weeks of culture, embryos were removed from the ovules and transferred onto WPM supplemented with 1.0 μM 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), 2.0% sucrose and 0.2% AC and solidified with 0.6% agar. After 8 weeks of culture, the embryos germinated and subsequently grew into whole plantlets. With the optimized parameters developed in the present study, about 34.0%, 91.2% and 77.4% of embryo formation, embryo germination and plant development were obtained, respectively. When this protocol was applied to 11 other cross combinations, genotype was found to significantly influence embryo formation, embryo germination and plant development, with different frequencies of hybrid plants successfully obtained in all crosses.     

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation and Brassica Seed Meal Amendment Alter Soil Microbiology and System Resistance

ABSTRACT

Brassica seed meal amendments and anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) control a spectrum of soil-borne plant pathogens via a diversity of mechanisms. Transformations in microbial community structure and function in certain instances were determinants of disease control and enhanced plant performance. For instance, in strawberry field soils, increased strawberry yields in response to ASD were attained in a carbon-source input-dependent manner. ASD conducted with rice bran as the carbon input, but not molasses, resulted in significantly greater yields. Effective ASD treatments, but not ineffective treatments, resulted in increased abundance of bacteria in phylum Bacteroidetes in treated soils, specific genera of which are known to provide biological disease control. Brassica seed meal amendment resulted in development of a soil system suppressive towards disease incited by the root pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. Brassica seed meal treated orchard soil systems exhibit resistance to re-infestation by soil-borne pathogens, including the plant parasitic nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. System resistance is associated with significant and prolonged changes in rhizosphere microbiology and specifically amplification of specific organisms with potential to parasitize P. penetrans.