竹纤维的制备、结构与性能研究进展

分别介绍了竹原纤维与竹浆纤维的制备方法,论述了竹纤维的结构形态与主要性能,提出了竹纤维研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了的探讨.     

珍稀竹种香竹的引种保存研究

在昆明市西山区团结镇建立香竹引种保存试验基地,从云南省金平县分水岭自然保护区丫口引种550丛香竹种,研究香竹引种和管护技术,并打造香竹观赏示范园。研究发现,在钢架大棚内采用砂壤土作引种基质,选用粗3cm以上的2a生母竹,采用100×10^-7的ABT号生根粉溶液浸泡根部30min,能够明显提高香竹引种的成活率,最高成活率可达88．5％。     

中国竹乡城市发展现状、问题及建议

概述了中国30大竹乡在城市建设及竹产业发展方面的现状,分析了中国竹乡城市的建设策略与发展模式,提出了竹乡城市发展中存在的问题及解决的对策。     

Effects of feeding bamboo vinegar and acidifier as an antibiotic substitute on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial communities of weaned piglets

Abstract

The experiment was designed to evaluate effects of feeding bamboo vinegar (BV) and acidifier to substitute antibiotic on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial communities of weaned piglets. Three hundred and sixty weaned piglets (body weight (BW) = 10 ± 2 kg) were allocated into three treatments for 25 days of experiment feeding, with three replicates (pen) per treatment. A basal diet was added with antibiotics (Control), 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier I (BVAI), or 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier II (BVAII), respectively. No significant differences were observed in feed intake, final weight, average daily gain and feed to gain ratio (P > 0.05) among different treatments. The species richness and bacterial community diversities in feces were higher for the pigs in treatment BVAI and BVAII than those of pigs in the Control (36.5 and 1.55, respectively), with a significant difference between BVAII and the Control (P < 0.05). The bacterial communities of pigs in BVAI and BVAII clustered together, forming a cluster we designated as Cluster C and separated from another cluster in pigs fed antibiotic designated as Cluster A in the Control treatment. The results indicate that the 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier can replace antibiotics in the diets for piglets without negative effects on production and allow for greater diversity of the intestinal bacterial community compared to antibiotics.     

合肥市观赏竹种资源调查及园林应用

通过时合肥市主要公园、景点现有栽培竹林的竹种调查,以竹的生长形态、大小、观赏特性等为指标,初步摸清了合肥市竹类种类,共有21种,其中大型竹2种,中型竹10种,小型竹4种,地被竹5种。调查还发现合肥市的观赏竹种类不多,而且应用到园林中造景中的只占现有分布总种数的40％,并对其在合肥园林中应用方法和方式进行阐述。     

毛竹资源及其综合利用途径

介绍了中国现有毛竹资源现状及其分布情况。在目前毛竹林资源利用的基础上,提出了毛竹竹笋、竹材及竹材深加工、竹叶提取物为重要方向的综合利用途径,并展望了我国毛竹资源综合利用的前景,以期提高我国中西部产竹区的经济效益。     

改性玉米芯活性炭对镉的吸附性能研究

利用农业固体废物玉米芯作原料制备了活性炭,通过吸附热力学和吸附动力学过程,探讨了改性玉米芯活性炭对Cd²⁺模拟废水的吸附性能研究,以及考察了溶液pH值、活性炭投加量和温度对活性炭吸附Cd²⁺的影响。研究结果表明:磷酸改性600℃下裂解的活性炭吸附能力最好;改性玉米芯活性炭对Cd²⁺的吸附等温线更符合Freundlich模型;改性玉米芯活性炭对Cd²⁺的吸附动力学过程用准二级动力学模型能更好地拟合;经过单因素影响试验的研究表明,溶液初始pH值为6、活性炭投加量为0.01g、吸附温度为40℃时,活性炭的吸附效果最好。     

Diurnal and seasonal variations in carbon fluxes in bamboo forests during the growing season in Zhejiang province,China

Bamboo forest is an important forest type in subtropical China and is characterized by fast growth and high carbon sequestration capacity. However, the dynamics of carbon fluxes during the fast growing period of bamboo shoots and their correlation with environment factors are poorly understood. We measured carbon dioxide exchange and climate variables using open-path eddy covariance methods during the 2011 growing season in a Moso bamboo forest(MB, Phyllostchys edulis) and a Lei bamboo forest(LB, Phyllostachys violascens) in Zhejiang province,China. The bamboo forests were carbon sinks during the growing season. The minimum diurnal net ecosystem exchange(NEE) at MB and LB sites were-0.64 and-0.66 mg C m^-2 s^-1, respectively. The minimum monthly NEE, ecosystem respiration(RE), and gross ecosystem exchange(GEE) were-99.3 ± 4.03, 76.2 ±2.46, and^-191.5 ± 4.98 g C m^-2 month^-1, respectively,at MB site, compared with-31.8 ± 3.44, 70.4 ± 1.41,and^-157.9 ± 4.86 g C m^-2 month^-1, respectively, at LB site. Maximum RE was 92.1 ± 1.32 g C m^-2 month^-1 at MB site and 151.0 ± 2.38 g C m^-2 month^-1 at LB site.Key control factors varied by month during the growing season, but across the whole growing season, NEE and GEE at both sites showed similar trends in sensitivities to photosynthetic active radiation and vapor pressure deficit,and air temperature had the strongest correlation with RE at both sites. Carbon fluxes at LB site were more sensitive to soil water content compared to those at MB site. Both onyear(years when many new shoots are produced) and offyear(years when none or few new shoots are produced)should be studied in bamboo forests to better understand their role in global carbon cycling.     

添加活性炭对土壤有效磷测定的影响研究

针对NY/T 148-1990测定方法中,加活性炭目的是降低由于浸出土壤有机质所产生的颜色对有效磷测定结果的影响,但是却限制了土壤有效磷的批量测定,为此进行了不加活性炭条件下测定土壤有效磷的改进试验。试验结果表明,不加活性炭条件下,浸出土壤有机质所产生的颜色对土壤有效磷测定结果在测定误差范围内可以忽略不计;两种有效磷测定方法的平均值均在误差范围之内,但改进方法所测结果更接近于NY/T 148-1990标准值,测值间离散度低,稳定性强,且测定速度快、结果准确度及精密度高、成本低。     

活性炭对非洲菊组培苗的生根诱导和移栽基质的筛选

以非洲菊不定芽为试材,研究了活性炭对生根诱导和基质对移栽的影响.结果表明,0.2%～0.3%活性炭能明显地促进生根,缩短生根时间,增加了根数和根长.将生根的组培苗移栽到1珍珠岩:1草炭的混合基质中,移栽成活率高达95.4%,植株移栽后缓苗快,生长旺盛.