万寿菊细菌性叶斑病药剂防治试验

通过室内抑菌筛选和田间小区及生产试验,从当前防治细菌性病害的药剂中,筛选出对万寿菊细菌性叶斑病防治效果较好的3种药剂及最佳使用浓度:90%新植霉素150mg/L,细菌清200 mg/L和72%农用链霉素150 mg/L,其防效分别为73.6%,72.7%和70.7%,且药效稳定,增产效果显著.     

高蛋白日粮对家兔的危害

蛋白质含量超过营养需要的日粮，不仅造成浪费，更重要的是直接引起蛋白质消化、吸收和代谢障碍；间接地引起肝肾疾病和全身中毒，诱发传染病和其它疾病。     

应用发酵牛粪垫料提高奶牛生产性能的研究

[目的]评估发酵牛粪对奶牛的安全性,并检验其在生产中的应用效果.[方法]比较发酵前后牛粪水分的变化,检测其细菌种类和数量,评价发酵牛粪的安全性.[结果]发酵牛粪没有能诱使奶牛发病的致病菌.临床应用时,试验组牛舍NH3含量稍高于对照组;试验组乳房炎和肢蹄病的发病率均低于对照组.2组隐性乳房炎增幅近似;试验组牛体清洁度评分优于对照组;试验组躺卧率高于对照组;发酵牛粪对奶牛的奶产量基本没有影响.[结论]发酵牛粪作为牛床垫料是可行且安全的.     

Bacterial community structure and microbial activity in different soils amended with biogas residues and cattle slurry

Anaerobic digestion of organic materials generates residues of differing chemical composition compared to undigested animal manures, which may affect the soil microbial ecosystem differently when used as fertilizers. This study investigated the effects of two biogas residues (BR-A and BR-B) and cattle slurry (CS) applied at rates corresponding to 70 kg NH₄⁺-N ha⁻¹ on bacterial community structure and microbial activity in three soils of different texture (a sandy, a clay and an organic clay soil). 16S rRNA genes were targeted in PCR reactions and bacterial community profiles visualized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. General microbial activity was measured as basal respiration (B-resp), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), specific growth rate (μ_SIR), metabolic quotient (qCO₂) and nitrogen mineralization capacity (NMC). Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis visualized shifts in bacterial community structure related to microbial functions. There were significant differences in bacterial community structure after 120 days of incubation (+20 °C at 70% of WHC) between non-amended (control) and amended soils, especially in the sandy soil, where CS caused a more pronounced shift than biogas residues. Terminal-restriction fragment (TRF) 307, the predominant peak in CS-amended sandy soil, was identified as possibly Bacillus or Streptococcus. TRF 226, the dominant peak in organic soil amended with BR-B, was classified as Rhodopseudomonas. B-resp significantly increased and SIR decreased in all amendments to organic soil compared with the control, potentially indicating decreased efficiency of heterotrophic microorganisms to convert organic carbon into microbial biomass. This was also reflected in an elevated qCO₂ in the organic soil. The μ_SIR level was higher in the sandy soil amended with BR-A than with BR-B or CS, indicating a shift toward species capable of rapidly utilizing glucose. NMC was significantly elevated in the clay and organic soils amended with BR-A and BR-B and in the sandy soil amended with BR-B and CS. Thus, biogas residues and cattle slurry had different effects on the bacterial community structure and microbial activity in the three soils. However, the effects of biogas residues on microbial activities were comparable in magnitude to those of cattle slurry and the bacterial community structure was less affected. Therefore, we do not see any reason not to recommend using biogas residues as fertilizers based on the results presented.     

生物钾肥对烤烟生产的影响

通过两年的实验结果表明：在烤烟生产中，用生物钾肥代替部分工业钾肥是可行的，并且菌肥的效果最佳，其次为菌剂。生产上最佳配比组合是以菌肥代替20％的氧化钾，在烟草生产上效果最佳。     

多菌灵和青霉素在组培污染中的应用

为了消除植物组织培养过程中出现的真菌和细菌污染 ,而又不杀伤植物组织 ,采用多菌灵和青霉素混合溶液浸泡污染的组培苗茎段的结果发现 ,多菌灵对真菌有杀灭作用 ,对细菌没有明显作用 ;青霉素只对细菌有抑制作用 ,继代后细菌污染照常存在 ;而对污染的组培苗采用 75 %乙醇和 0 .1% Hg Cl2 处理可彻底杀灭真菌和细菌     

杉木人工林不同发育阶段土壤微生物数量及其生物量的变化

土壤微生物参与土壤中多种生物化学反应,如矿化-同化、氧化-还原等,是植物营养转化、有机碳代谢及污染物降解的驱动力,在土壤肥力演变,尤其是养分循环中具有重要意义。土壤微生物生物量是指除了植物根系和体积大于5×103μm3的土壤动物以外的土壤中所有活的有机体的量(Paulet a     

施肥模式对菠菜幼苗的生理响应

为了研究不同施肥模式对菠菜幼苗的作用机制,以菠菜幼苗为材料,采用菠菜幼苗盆栽试验,用G1（NPK）、G2（NPK+M1）、G3（NPK+M2）、G4（NPK+M3）分别对菠菜幼苗进行喷施叶面肥,蒸馏水为对照（CK）,研究菠菜幼苗的抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量的影响。结果表明,不同施肥对菠菜幼苗叶片的POD、CAT、SOD活性均显著高于CK（P< {0.05 }）,而MDA含量均显著低于CK（P<0.05）;随着菌肥中有效微生物浓度的增加,NPK与菌肥配施对菠菜幼苗叶片的POD、CAT、SOD活性也增加,直到菌肥中有效微生物浓度增加到1×10 +7个·g^-1时,再增加菌肥中有效微生物浓度,菠菜幼苗叶片的POD、CAT、SOD活性均逐渐下降;而菠菜幼苗的MDA含量反之。经相关性分析,不同施肥对菠菜幼苗叶片的POD、CAT、SOD活性分别与MDA含量呈现出极显著负相关性（P<0.01）,而菠菜幼苗叶片的POD、CAT、SOD活性两两呈现出极显著正相关性（P<0.01）。     

团头鲂IL-12表达及功能的初步研究

白细胞介素-12（IL-12）是一种连接先天性和适应性免疫系统的重要细胞因子,在免疫反应和炎症反应中均发挥着重要作用。本实验以团头鲂为研究对象,克隆了团头鲂IL-12的4个亚基IL-12A、IL-12Ba、IL-12Bb和IL-12Bc的开放阅读框（ORF）序列,长度分别为588、993、939和837 bp。实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）结果表明,团头鲂IL-12各亚基在检测的10个不同的成鱼健康组织中都有表达,但是在不同组织中的表达模式不同;腹腔注射嗜水气单胞菌后,团头鲂IL-12各亚基在免疫相关组织中显著差异表达;脂多糖（LPS）刺激分离的团头鲂头肾淋巴细胞后,4个IL-12亚基均被快速诱导表达。进一步通过大肠杆菌原核表达系统和变性复性方法得到团头鲂IL-12Bb、IL-12Bc重组蛋白并刺激分离的头肾淋巴细胞,显著上调TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ的表达,表明获得的重组蛋白具有生物学活性。最后对获得的蛋白进行抑菌活性检测,结果表明重组IL-12Bb、IL-12Bc单体蛋白对嗜水气单胞菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有明显的抑制作用。综上,本研究结果表明,团头鲂IL-12在调节免疫应答的过程中发挥着重要作用。     

Presence of Bacteria on the External Genitalia of Healthy Stallions and its Transmission to the Mare at the Time of Breeding by Live Cover

The current field study used thoroughbred stallions and mares from central Kentucky to investigate the occurrence of potentially pathogenic bacteria on the stallion's external genitalia, based on cultures, and investigated the occurrence of bacteria and type of isolate in the mare's uterus after breeding by live cover to stallions with or without positive bacterial cultures. Fifteen thoroughbred stallions and 206 mares from two central Kentucky thoroughbred farms were used during the 2010 and 2011 breeding seasons. Samples for bacteriological evaluation were taken from the prepuce and postejaculate urethra (n = 201) of stallions. Uterine swabs (n = 264) were collected 12-18 hours postbreeding. For statistical analyses, a chi-squared test was used to test the relationship between stallion culture results and postbreeding uterine culture results, as well as the effect of bacterial types found on the stallion cultures with bacterial types found on the postbreeding uterine cultures. Of stallion cultures, 22.4% were positive for potentially pathogenic bacteria, with Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (51.1%) being the most common isolate. Uterine cultures resulted in a 29.2% positive rate for potentially pathogenic bacteria, with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (90.9%) being the most common. There was no difference (P > .05) in the occurrence of bacteria or type of isolate found on uterine cultures after breeding stallions with or without positive cultures. In conclusion, potentially pathogenic bacteria found on the stallion's external genitalia did not affect the occurrence and type of bacterial isolate found in the mare's uterus after breeding by live cover.