大泡核桃与圆菠萝核桃在攀枝花的引种迁移适应性

【目的】长期适应性观测与引种的长期适应性研究对经济林大田推广工作至关重要。【方法】以引种的两个核桃品种(大泡核桃和圆菠萝核桃)为研究对象,通过13年的连续观测和调查,分析两个品种在不同海拔位置的生长量指标、核桃坚果表型性状和内含物等指标,研究他们的长期适应性。【结果】两个核桃品种在攀枝花地区两个试验点可正常进入盛果期,但营养生长和生殖生长的物候期与原栽培地有较大不同,表现出较强的花粉集体效应和EPP错失现象。大泡核桃的坚果品质与原产地无显著差异,粗脂肪含量略低于原产地,蛋白质含量略高于原产地。单果仁重和出仁率均比本地核桃“盐源早”显著升高,且壳厚比“盐源早”更薄,但三者产量基本持平。大泡的果形更加硕大,圆菠萝次之,“盐源早”最小。【结论】在攀枝花地区,大泡核桃的综合性状表现海拔1800m段优于2200m段,可以作为低海拔区域的丰产稳产推荐品种。而圆菠萝核桃的综合性状较原产地均低,在攀枝花地区表现为品质劣化的趋向。但引种的2种核桃,多个方面均表现出比本地“盐源早”更好的农艺性状,推广潜力较大。     

高寒草甸牧草内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌261MY6生防潜力评价

本研究以番茄丁香假单胞叶斑病菌Pseudomonas syringa为指示菌,采用含菌平板抑菌圈测定法,从高寒草甸牧草内生细菌中筛选获取优良拮抗菌株261MY6,结合形态学、生理生化、16S rDNA及gyrB基因序列分析将其鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）。通过平板对峙法、溶磷法、Salkowski法及盆栽试验等测定其生物功能及室内盆栽防效。结果表明,菌株261MY6对番茄丁香假单胞叶斑病菌的抑菌圈直径达1.20 cm,盆栽防效达68.71%。具有溶解无机磷、固氮和分泌IAA的功能,对马铃薯褐腐病菌（Stysanus stemonitis）、马铃薯炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum coccodes）、马铃薯枯萎病菌（Fusarium avenaceum）、小麦根腐病菌（Bipolaris sorokiniana）、黄瓜枯萎病菌（F. oxysporum）、番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）、马铃薯褐腐病菌（Stysanus stemonitis）、孜然根腐病菌（F. Solani）和番瓜根腐病菌（Fusarium sp.）有良好抑制作用。该结果为解淀粉芽孢杆菌261MY6进一步开发利用提供了理论依据。     

金丝桃素粉剂对人工感染传染性囊病病毒鸡的疗效试验

金丝桃素是从贯叶连翘中提取的一种极具抗病毒活性成分。为了研究金丝桃素粉剂对腔上囊的治疗效果,对20日龄雏鸡人工感染传染性囊病病毒(IBDV BC-6/85)后,以不同的剂量连续4d口服金丝桃素粉剂。通过观察腔上囊和肌肉的出血情况,以及病原分离,评价该药物对鸡传染性囊病的治疗效果。结果表明:以667.9mg/kg体重的金丝桃素粉剂连续口服给药4d,能有效的治疗传染性囊病,效果优于对照药物高免卵黄抗体。     

大叶斑鸠菊药效学初探

目的：初探大叶斑鸠菊的药效。方法：将大叶斑鸠菊制成浓度为1 g生药/mL的提取液,通过抑菌试验、利尿试验及对鸡肾肿的治疗试验,考察其药效。结果：大叶斑鸠菊提取液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌有一定抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度均为0.25 g/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌无抑制效果;有一定利尿作用;饲喂0.4、0.5、0.6 g/mL不同剂量大叶斑鸠菊提取液,2次/d,鸡肾肿明显减轻,鸡的存活率提高,分别为42.86%、71.43%和85.71%。结论：大叶斑鸠菊具有一定抑菌作用、利尿作用,对鸡肾肿有较好的治疗效果。     

不同施肥处理对地菍早期冠层扩展速度的影响

采取正交施肥试验设计研究不同施肥处理对地菍(Melastoma dodecandrum)植株生长早期冠层扩展速度的影响。结果表明,不同施肥量及其配比对地菍单株冠层覆盖面积的扩展速度具有显著影响,而对单株叶面积指数影响不显著;在中等肥力的熟化红土上,种子繁殖的植株在幼苗移栽返青后的3个月内N、P2O5、K2O的最佳配合施用量为5.412、3.513和2.451 g/株,80 d内冠层覆盖面积扩展了5.66~5.91倍。     

Duration of Anthelmintic Effect of Three Formulations of Ivermectin (Oral,Injectable and Pour-on) Against Multiple Anthelmintic-Resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haemonchus contortus</Emphasis> in Sheep

We report the results of investigations that were conducted in a sheep flock in Uttaranchal, India where repeated failure of anthelmintic medication was noted. The study revealed that Haemonchus contortus in sheep had developed resistance to benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, mebendazole and albendazole), imidazothiazole (levamisole) and salicylanide (rafoxanide), while it was fully susceptible to avermectins (ivermectin). Further, the suppression of nematode egg output in faeces of sheep naturally infected with multiple anthelmintic-resistant H. contortus following treatment with ivermectin tablet (0.4 mg/kg body weight (bw), orally), ivermectin injection (1% w/v, 0.2 mg/kg bw, subcutaneously) and ivermectin pour-on (0.5 w/v, 0.5 mg/kg bw) was also studied over a period of 10 weeks post treatment. It was noted that ivermectin tablet after initial clearance of infection (faecal egg count reduction 100%), could not prevent establishment of new patent natural infection for even a single day, while ivermectin pour-on and injection prevented the establishment of new infection for 7 and 14 days post treatment, respectively. Maximum protection period (duration for which mean faecal egg count of sheep reaches 500 eggs per gram of faeces or more) of 68 days was recorded in sheep treated with injectable ivermectin, followed by pour-on (60 days) and oral (53 days) preparations.     

大豆根际促生菌的分离筛选及其对大豆和百脉根生长与品质的影响

从贵州毕节地区大豆根际土壤中分离溶磷菌株,从大豆根瘤中分离根瘤菌株。对分离出的溶磷圈直径与菌落直径的比值(D/d值)在2.20以上的溶磷菌株分别进行溶磷能力、生长素(IAA)及有机酸分泌能力、产酸产碱性能测定,筛选出优良溶磷菌4株;对分离出的根瘤菌通过大豆试管苗回接及促生效应试验,筛选出高效根瘤菌2株。将筛选出的6株菌经拮抗反应试验后分别按单一溶磷菌接种剂、单一根瘤菌接种剂、溶磷菌+根瘤菌复合接种剂3种处理制备菌悬液,采用盆栽方法分别对大豆和百脉根进行促生效应试验。结果表明,与对照相比,除单一根瘤接种剂对增加大豆株高无效果外,另外2个处理对大豆株高有提升效果,所有处理对大豆茎粗、生物量、结荚数、荚重、单粒数及单粒重都有明显的促进作用。其中溶磷菌+根瘤菌复合菌液对大豆株高、茎粗、幼苗地上生物量和地下生物量的促进效果最好,分别比对照高出21.26%,40.79%,15.88%和42.19%。3个处理对百脉根的第一、二茬株高及地上生物量、全氮、全磷和粗蛋白含量均有明显的提升效应,其中依然是溶磷菌+根瘤菌复合菌液的处理效果最好,分别比对照高出20.82%,54.88%,106.14%,148.78%,19.34%,61.88%和19.34%,与对照差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。说明所筛选的菌株组合能产生良好的促生互作效应。     

Transmission ecology of rodent‐borne diseases: New frontiers

Rodents are recognized reservoir hosts for many human zoonotic pathogens. The current trends resulting from anthropocene defaunation suggest that in the future they, along with other small mammals, are likely to become the dominant mammals in almost all human‐modified environments. Recent intricate studies on bat‐borne emerging diseases have highlighted that many gaps exist in our understanding of the zoonotic transmission of rodent‐borne pathogens. This has emphasized the need for scientists interested in rodent‐borne diseases to integrate rodent ecology into their analysis of rodent‐borne pathogen transmission in order to identify in more detail the mechanisms of spillover and chains of transmission. Further studies are required to better understand the true impact of rodent abundance and the importance of pathogen sharing and circulation in multi‐host– multi‐pathogen communities. We also need to explore in more depth the roles of generalist and abundant species as the potential links between pathogen‐sharing, co‐infections and disease transmission.     

朱砂七总蒽醌研究概况

朱砂七是蓼科蓼属植物毛脉蓼的干燥块根,为"太白七药"之一.朱砂七所含化学成分主要包括蒽醌类、二苯乙烯类、鞣质、多糖等,蒽醌类为其主要成分之一.近年来,国内外许多研究已经证实朱砂七总蒽醌在抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎等方面作用显著,因其副作用低,而具有很好的开发及应用前景.论文简要概述朱砂七总蒽醌的化学组成、提取方法及相关...