秀水620对褐稻虱抗生性的研究及其抗性评价

 测定了秀水620对褐稻虱的一些抗生性指标，从实验室所得的各种参数来估计褐稻虱的种群趋势指数和内禀控制率；同时调查了秀水620对褐稻虱的田间控制作用。(1)抗生性作用中． 秀水620品种上褐稻虱分泌蜜露的面积为感虫品种秀水48的37.8％；饲养一代后，刚羽化的成虫体重比感虫品种上的成虫体重显著减轻。秀水620品种上，成虫平均产卵量为191粒／♀；秀水48品种上为3l6.2粒／♀；IR64品种上仅87.5粒／♀；在秀水620、IR64品种上的存活率比秀水48品种上存话率减少约50％，羽化率明显比秀水48品种上低。(2)褐稻虱种群趋势指数，秀水48为139.6，秀水620为30.30，IR64为19．09；秀水620对褐稻虱的内禀控制率为0．7829，IR64为0.8632；秀水620对褐稻虱田间控制率为77.23％。     

Wild safflower species (Carthamus oxyacanthus): A possible source of resistance to the safflower fly (Acanthiophilus helianthi)

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important oil seed crop with growing importance in many countries around the world. However, safflower fly (Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi) is one of the main limiting factors to expand the production area of the crop in several countries. Since host plant-resistance is the most efficient method for pest management, we evaluated a germplasm of wild accessions (Carthamus oxyacanthus Bieb.) with mostly brown–black seed coat color along with some white-seeded cultivated safflower genotypes for resistance to safflower fly. The results showed that there was a significant difference between two species for safflower fly damage with all cultivated genotypes being susceptible. However, for the accessions of C. oxyacanthus, a wide range of resistance was observed. In a choice experiment and natural infestation, 35.3–78.9 percent of heads per plant were infested in genotypes of C. tinctorius while for the accessions of C. oxyacanthus this was much smaller and ranged from 1.6 to 13.6%. In addition, percentage of seed yield loss per infested plant was more drastic in cultivated safflower (29.0–72.8%) than the wild accessions (0.0–21.4%). In the no-choice experiment, fly population was dramatically decreased in the wild accessions due to larval mortality and possibility of antibiosis. There was a strong relationship between brown–black seed coat color and resistance to safflower fly indicating the possibility of using this trait in breeding programs of safflower to develop fly-resistant cultivars.     

Alleviating Effect of Phenol Compounds on Cucumber Fusarium Wilt and Mechanism

The amount of phenol compounds in the soil increased after adding organic material into the soil. It was found that p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid and frulic acid alleviated Fusarium wilt of cucumber, the alleviating effect of p-hydroxybenzoic acid was the best, followed by p-coumaric acid and frulic acid. The total amount of bacterial, actinomyces and fungus in high phenol compounds treatment decreased than that of control treatment, while the microorganisms' amount in low phenol compounds treatment increased. Phenol compounds inhibit the growth of pathogen.     

Evaluation of structural and antibiosis resistance mechanisms during selection against Mediterranean corn borer (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef) in the maize synthetic EPS12

In maize, the Mediterranean corn borer (MCB), Sesamia nonagrioides Lef, is the insect pest that causes the most significant yield losses in north-western Spain. A S₁ recurrent selection program to improve resistance of EPS12 against MCB was evaluated previously. In the current study two experiments were conducted to determine if antibiosis and/or structural mechanisms were responsible for the improvement in resistance in this synthetic. Larval growth or survival of MCB was not significantly affected to consider the presence of antibiotic factors in the pith. Besides, pith puncture resistance, previously reported as a possible resistance trait in single inbred lines, did not show significant differences between cycles of selection. Length of the internode basal ring (LIBR) was the structural character most related to stem resistance improvement to MCB in the current evaluation. There was a high positive correlation between MCB tunnel length and LIBR (P ≤ 0.01, R² = 0.99). The larvae would enter the plant throughout the internode basal area and, this way, they could avoid the increased thickness or hardness of the remaining rind area. LIBR might be a useful measure in future resistance breeding programs against this borer.     

基于三种抗性机制评价大豆对抗斜纹夜蛾的抗性

通过室内养虫鉴定,农艺性状考查和收获后单株考种,对194份栽培大豆进行了抗斜纹夜蛾的鉴定和评价.结果表明:在抗生性和抗选性上对斜纹夜蛾表现为高抗或抗的材料分别有77份和107份.194份品种在株高、主茎分枝数、单株粒数和单株粒重性状上表现出不同程度的耐害和补偿能力.大豆对斜纹夜蛾的抗生性与抗选性的相关性表现相对一致,而...     

MN品系皮燕麦对E型麦二叉蚜的抗性评价

为了明确MN品系皮燕麦对甘肃流行E型麦二叉蚜的抗性,筛选优异的抗蚜种质资源,在田间3年成株期自然感染蚜量比值法表型抗性鉴定基础上,采用室内苗期人工接蚜、实验种群生命表法测定了12个MN品系皮燕麦对E型麦二叉蚜的抗生性。结果表明,E型麦二叉蚜成蚜在表型中抗品系MN10253上的成蚜寿命和总产蚜量显著低于表型中抗品系MN08243、低抗品系MN09103和中感品系MN09255,产蚜前期显著长于MN08243、MN09103和MN09255;在MN10253上的平均发育历期短于MN08243;在MN10253上的种群趋势指数显著低于MN08243、MN09103和MN09255;在MN10253和MN08243上的内禀增长率rm、周线增长率λ和净增值率R0显著低于MN09255,有翅蚜率显著高于MN09255。说明表型中抗品系MN10253对E型麦二叉蚜种群繁殖具有抑制作用。     

Nabeshi等14个台湾品种对白背飞虱的抗生性测定初报

对14个来自台湾的水稻品种进行了产卵效应、若虫生存率、种群增长的抗生性和蜜露测定。结果表明,雌成虫在不同抗性水稻品种上的产卵量有明显差异。与TN1相比,有68.4%的供试品种在若虫生存率上表现出较强的抗生性,42%的供试品种具有明显的抗生性。除了Chi-sheng-tao外,其他品种对白背飞虱的取食有明显的抑制作用。     

Evaluation of resistance in 14 soybean genotypes to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tetranychus urticae</Emphasis> (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The effect of 14 soybean genotypes (Sahar, Sari, Williams, Tellar, Hill, Clark, Tms, Dpx, Zane, 032, 033, L₁₇, Ks3494 and I27) on life history and fecundity of two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, was investigated. All experiments were conducted at 28 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% r.h. and a photoperiod of L16:D8 h. The highest development time was 8.41 and 8.78 days for male and female on I27, and the lowest value of this period was obtained on Sahar and Ks3494 for male and female, respectively (7.11 and 7.60 days, respectively). The TSSM fecundity varied from 33.62 to 153.82 eggs per female, which was minimum on 032 and maximum on L₁₇. The comparison of TSSM biological parameters on different soybean genotypes and cluster analysis of these parameters demonstrated that Ks3494, 032, Dpx and Sahar were the most resistant genotypes to this pest. An antibiosis process could be, at least in part, the cause of this variation. Knowledge of the extent of susceptibility or resistance of genotypes and biology of a pest on a crop are fundamental components of integrated pest management (IPM) programs for any crop. Implication of these observations in the control of TSSM on soybean is discussed.     

翘鳞肉齿菌抑菌试验研究

将翘鳞肉齿菌于实体含多糖浸提液和去多糖浸提液采用双碟法对大肠杆菌等１１种供试微生物进行抑菌试验,证实含多糖浸提液对枯草芽孢杆菌和微紫青霉有抑菌作用,去多糖浸提液对枯草草孢杆菌有抑菌作用,将翘鳞肉齿菌菌丝采用贴块法对１１种供试微生物进行抑菌试验,证实菌丝对枯草孢孢杆菌等６种微生物有拮抗抑制作用。     

毛白杨内生菌优势种毛壳ND35室内拮抗作用的研究

对毛白杨内生真菌区系种群分析 ,筛选出优势种毛壳ND35 ,并测试了它对 6种常见林果病害病原真菌的拮抗作用。结果表明 ,毛壳ND35是一种广谱性拮抗菌 ,对供试的 6种病菌存在不同程度的抑制作用。可降低病菌菌丝的生长率和孢子的萌发率 ,并对小核菌的菌核进行重寄生 ,从而抑制其萌发。毛壳ND35的菌丝还产生吸器、附着枝等结构对立枯丝核菌 (Rhizoctoniasolani)等病菌的菌丝进行重寄生 ,在显微镜下可观察到病菌的菌丝被缠绕、穿透、断裂等现象。抑菌带和抑菌圈的产生证明抗生活动是毛壳ND35的主要拮抗作用机制之一。对活体毛白杨组培苗进行人工接种试验 ,结果用毛壳ND35预先接种的苗木发病率为零 ,明显低于只接烂皮病菌的对照发病率 5 3 33%,进一步证实了毛壳ND35对植物病害的生物防治潜能。