红皮梨着色与花青苷合成研究进展

红皮梨资源非常丰富,包括砂梨、秋子梨、新疆梨、白梨和西洋梨在内的世界梨主栽种类,具有很高的商业价值。综述了红皮梨果实着色与其花青苷合成研究所取得的进展。重点介绍了红皮梨着色过程中色素种类及其变化、花青苷的组分、花青苷在果皮组织中的分布、花青苷的合成途径以及相关酶活性的变化,同时还介绍了与花青苷合成有关的结构基因、调节基因和转录因子等研究进展,并从内因和外因两方面阐述了花青苷代谢与红皮梨着色的关系,为今后研发红皮梨优质高效栽培技术、培育色泽鲜艳的红皮梨新品种奠定理论基础。     

ABA对葡萄花色苷合成相关基因表达的影响

以京优葡萄为试材．研究果实成熟过程中果皮花色苷含量及其生物合成相关酶基因和转录因子转录水平的变化．同时研究不同浓度ABA处理对花色苷含量和相关基因转录水平的影响。结果表明,葡萄果实发育进入着色期,CHSs、CHIs基因家族中的CHS3、CH12和UFGT、MybAJ、MybAl-2随花色苷合成而大量表达,其转录水平与花...     

七个紫甘薯品种块根花色苷含量的比较

运用紫外-可见分光光谱法,对引自日本和徐州并在云南昆明种植的7个紫甘薯品种进行分析,研究了不同甘薯品种块根中花色苷含量及其在同一块根中的分布和花色苷产量。结果表明:不同品种花色苷含量和产量差异显著,花色苷含量以徐13-4含量最高,为107.22mg/100gFW;花色苷产量以种子岛紫最高,达13036.5g/hm²,其次是徐13-4,为11663.7g/hm²;花色苷在块根中的分布不均匀,含量表现为块根表皮>中心组织>薯肉。徐13-4可作为选育花色苷专用品种的亲本,种子岛紫可作为企业生产花色苷原料的品种加以利用。     

Influence of nano-iron oxide and zinc sulfate on physiological characteristics of peppermint

To evaluate the impact of nano-iron oxide and zinc sulfate fertilizers on peppermint in field conditions, a factorial split experiment with two micro-nutrient fertilizers [Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe)] in RCBD with three replicates was conducted at University of Tehran, during 2014 and 2015. Fe at four levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 g L-1) and Zn at three levels (0, 2.5, and 5 g L-1) were applied. Fe and Zn fertilizer application significantly improved photosynthetic pigments, mineral nutrient content, essential oil concentration, and dry matter yield in peppermint. The highest iron content (1578.00 mg kg^?1) was achieved when 5 g L^?1 of Zn was applied along with 0.75 g L^?1 Fe. According to our results, the application of 2.5 g L^?1 of Zn plus 0.5 g L^?1 Fe fertilizers could be recommended to achieve the highest plant dry matter and essential oil yield.     

不同基因型玉米籽粒类胡萝卜素与花色苷色素积累规律

以黄色(特爆2号)、红色(西星赤糯1号)、紫色(紫糯香)和黑色(西星黑糯1号) 4种颜色的玉米为材料,通过徒手切片以及分光光度法,研究了玉米籽粒色素的组成、分布和积累规律。结果显示,西星赤糯1号玉米籽粒色素主要由花色苷和类胡萝卜素构成,花色苷主要存在于果种皮中,类胡萝卜素主要存在于胚与胚乳中;特爆2号玉米籽粒色素主要由类胡萝卜素构成,分布于胚与胚乳中;紫糯香及西星黑糯1号玉米籽粒色素主要由花色苷构成,主要存在于糊粉层中。除西星赤糯1号的花色苷积累首先出现于胚上方的花柱遗迹附近外,其余品种色素均首先在籽粒顶端出现,随后向四周延伸。玉米籽粒色素(除紫糯香)吸收峰随时间的变化先升高后降低。灌浆前期玉米果穗色素含量上部>中部 >下部,到灌浆后期,中部色素含量大于其他两部分色素含量。     

樟树果花色苷组分鉴定及抑菌防腐研究

[目的]为樟树资源的开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]采用纸层析、高效液相色谱和高效气相色谱的方法,鉴定了樟树果的花色苷组分。[结果]樟树果花色苷的主要组分为芍药色素-3-阿拉伯糖苷、芍药色素-3-木糖苷和芍药色素-3-葡萄糖苷或它们的衍生物。樟树果花色苷具有一定的抑菌防腐效果,能显著抑制水和空气中微生物的生长,防止食品变质。[结论]樟树果花色苷具有一定的防腐抑菌作用。     

几种象草在桂北地区的种植表现

为了筛选出适合种植于桂北地区的象草品种,试验于2012～2014年,在桂北地区的广西百色凌云县对紫色象草(Pennisetum purpureum Schumab cv. Purple)、桂闽引象草(P. purpureum Schum cv. Guimin)、王草(P. purpureum Rich ×P. americana King grass cv. Reyan No.4)进行了种植比较试验。测定了株高、产量、茎叶比、营养成分等。结果表明：紫色象草平均年产鲜草141.4 t/hm2,比王草高2.3 t/hm2,二者均低于桂闽引象草;紫色象草的茎叶比最低,为1.17,比桂闽引象草低17.8%,差异显著(P<0.05),说明紫色象草叶量丰富;营养方面,紫色象草除了粗蛋白略低于王草之外,其他指标均较王草和桂闽引象草优,含干物质26.6%、无氮浸出物39.1%、粗脂肪2.9%.     

Calcium and Potassium Foliar Sprays Affect Fruit Skin Color,Quality Attributes,and Mineral Nutrient Concentrations of ‘Red Delicious’ Apples

This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of foliar spray of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and their combination on the fruit red skin color and quality attributes of ‘Red Delicious’ apple under conditions of south central Iran with warm and dry summer, where low and high temperature differences are low. The trees were sprayed five times using 5 g L^–1 calcium chloride (CaCl₂) at 3-week intervals starting from 3 weeks after full bloom and three times (at 9, 12, and 15 weeks after full bloom) using 2.5 g L^–1 K sources [potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄), and potassium nitrate (KNO₃)] during two growing seasons in 2013 and 2014. Anthocyanin, some physicochemical attributes, and fruit mineral concentrations were measured at harvest. Results showed that spraying with K, CaCl₂, and their combinations significantly increased fruit weight, sugar and anthocyanin concentrations, firmness, and K uptake. A combined foliar application of CaCl₂ and each of the K sources was more effective on the improvement of fruit color, firmness, fruit K and Ca uptake, and K/Ca ratio as compared to the case when either K or Ca was applied alone.     

Identification of differentially expressed genes during flower opening by suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray analysis in Eustoma grandiflorum

The forward and reverse suppression subtractive cDNA libraries were constructed in petals of Eustoma grandiflorum at bud stage (stage 1) and anthesis (stage 7). Approximately 1000 clones were isolated from stage 1- (S1) and stage 7-specific (S7) libraries. The clones were sequenced and assembled, which yielded 98 contigs and 444 singletons. BLAST search was conducted on these assembled sequences. Generally, probes isolated from the S7 library exhibited higher expression at stage 7 by microarray analysis, as did those of the S1 library at stage 1. A clone set from the S7 library contained genes from later steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, terpene synthases, GAST (gibberellic acid-stimulated) family proteins, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, glycosidases, and stress- and senescence-related proteins. In contrast, the S1 library contained genes associated with flavonol biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid metabolism, terpenoid metabolism, and floral organ development. Gene expression profiling for flavonoid biosynthesis was in accordance with preferential accumulation of flavonols at bud stages and anthocyanins at anthesis.