红肉桃花色素苷合成与积累分子机制研究进展

红肉桃具有悠久的栽培历史,其果实富含花色素苷,作为保健果品逐渐受到消费者青睐.文章综述了红肉桃果实花色素苷积累及合成相关基因、生长素结合蛋白ABP1和响应因子ARF的分子调控机制研究进展,探讨了红肉桃品种的花色素苷合成分子机制,并在最后指出今后的研究重点.     

凤仙花花青素苷的超声辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化研究

【目的】探究凤仙花花青素苷超声辅助提取最优工艺及其抗氧化性。【方法】在单因素实验的基础上,利用正交实验分析优化超声辅助法提取凤仙花花青素苷的工艺条件,并以DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率以及还原力测定为指标,对比凤仙花花青素苷与维生素C的抗氧化性。【结果】超声辅助法提取凤仙花花青素苷的最优提取工艺为：超声频率100Hz、乙醇浓度74%、提取温度43℃,最佳提取率为5.4039±0.330 8 mg·g^-1。抗氧化实验结果表明：凤仙花花青素苷在质量浓度范围对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力及其还原力均高于维生素C,具有较高的抗氧化活性。【结论】实验的提取方法工艺合理,其中超声辅助法提取率较高,凤仙花花青素苷抗氧化性较好,故实验为凤仙花花青素苷的深入研究和开发利用提供参考依据。     

紫甘薯初加工产品糊化过程中花青素的浸出特性

[目的]探索紫甘薯高效开发利用的方法。[方法]对2种特定温度下烘干的紫甘薯初加工试样进行模拟糊化,测定糊化不同阶段糊化醪中花青素的浸出量。[结果]紫甘薯粉在糊化时,90℃程序升温至95℃过程,花青素的浸出速率最大。95℃保温结束时,达到最大浸出量。相比110℃烘干,紫甘薯60℃烘干试样花青素保留量大,最大浸出量大,最大浸出率高。[结论]紫甘薯通过较低温度烘干加工,同时适当缩短90℃程序升温前的糊化程序有利于花青素的保留与浸出。     

Diversification of Multipurpose Plant, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Perilla Frutescens</Emphasis>

The traditional Asian crop, Perilla frutescens has multiple uses. There are specialized cultivars for seed oil and for medicinal use, as well as wild/weedy forms growing in various habitats. Based on selective characteristics of leaf odor, anthocyanin pigmentation, seed hardness and seed diameter, the diversity of this species was investigated to clarify the intraspecific differentiation. P. frutescens was divided into five groups by the combination of three qualitative characteristics: leaf odor, anthocyanin pigmentation and seed hardness. Most of the plants cultivated for oil belonged to one group, while medicinal plants belonged to three other groups. Wild/weedy forms were in the last group. The five groups could not be distinguished by seed diameter. Though the plants cultivated for oil tended to have larger seeds than the medicinal and wild/weedy plants, there was no boundary either between the two crops, or among various phenotypes of P. frutescens.     

桑椹成熟过程中主要色素类物质的动态变化

明确桑椹成熟过程中的主要色素类物质组成与含量的动态变化规律,为改善桑椹鲜果产品色泽和合理开发利用桑椹色素提供理论依据。采用80%丙酮提取法和pH示差法分别测定桑树品种大10、97-68、选26不同成熟期桑椹中的叶绿素及总花色苷含量,结果表明桑椹成熟过程中叶绿素含量逐渐降低,而总花色苷含量逐渐升高,其中桑椹成熟后期大10的总花色苷含量是97-68的2.2倍,分析认为总花色苷积累量的差异是造成不同桑树品种桑椹色泽差异的原因之一。利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测桑椹成熟过程中主要含有矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(C3G)、矢车菊素-3-O-芸香糖苷(C3R)和天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(Pg3G)3种花色苷组分,3种组分的变化为:C3G和C3R存在于桑椹整个成熟期,是桑椹中的2种主要花色苷组分,且C3G呈逐渐增加趋势,C3R呈先增加后微量减少,至后期迅速、大量增加的趋势;而Pg3G在桑椹成熟生长的初期检测不到,然后呈先增加后减少,至后期迅速、大量增加的趋势。在生产上可将桑椹中主要色素物质含量变化特点及花色苷类化合物的积累特点,作为确定桑椹采摘适期的参考因素之一。     

Fruit growth and chemical properties of Ribes magellanicum “parrilla”

The aim of this work was to study the time course and pattern of fruit growth and the evolution of some of the chemical attributes such as soluble solids, acidity, and anthocyanin content in Ribes magellanicum plants growing in a natural environment near Ushuaia city, Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Fruit growth and composition presented significant changes along the days from the full bloom phase. Fresh and dry fruit weight exhibited a typical double sigmoid curve. The first period of rapid fresh fruit growth was from full bloom phase until 28 days after, followed by a lag period until 42 days from the full bloom phase, and then by a second period of rapid increase until 56 days from the full bloom phase. Then, fresh fruit weight increased slowly (days 70–98 from the full bloom phase), reaching its maximum. Afterwards, fresh fruit weight decreased significantly until the end of the summer, and the fruiting period approximately ended 112 days from full bloom phase. On a dry weight basis the maximum fruit biomass was reached 98 days from the full bloom phase. Evolution of fruit growth was related with the compositional changes evaluated. By day 98 from the full bloom phase, soluble solids (17.5°Brix) and anthocyanin content (240.1 mg/100 g fruit fresh weight) were at their maximum, while at this time the total titratable acidity was at a minimum (0.4%). The results obtained not only contribute to the knowledge of the quantitative content of anthocyanin, a metabolite with nutraceutical value, but also give some tools for the definition of the optimal harvest time of R. magellanicum fruits, which it is important for fruit destination.     

苹果果实中酚类物质与虎皮病的关系

红香蕉苹果的果皮和果心是两个酚类物质代谢的活跃区域,前者主要合成花色苷,后者合成木质素.采收期不同,虎皮病发病率不一,贮藏到次年3月,早采果61%发病,晚采果仅14%,生化分析表明,早采果果皮中水溶性酚含量、多酚氧化酶活性和花色苷含量分别是晚采果的2倍、1.6倍和35%.     

‘红阳’猕猴桃中花青素转录调控因子AdGL3的克隆及表达分析

为阐明转录因子在猕猴桃果肉花青素形成过程中的调控作用,采用3′RACE和5′RACE技术从‘红阳’猕猴桃果肉中克隆到一个bHLH型转录调控因子AdGL3。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,AdGL3基因的表达水平与猕猴桃花青素的净积累过程基本一致,即在净积累过程中表达水平比较高,而净积累停止后,该基因的表达水平也相应降低。表明该基因是参与猕猴桃花青素合成的重要调控因子之一。结果为下一步猕猴桃花青素形成机制及调控机理的研究奠定基础。     

不同提取方法对甘薯花青素含量测定的影响

不同提取方法影响植物花青素的提取效率及稳定性,进而影响含量的测定。本实验分别采用柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液和1%盐酸分别作为提取剂,对两个紫色甘薯品种“济薯18”和“中泰8号”的鲜薯和薯干干粉进行了花青素的提取,并用不同的紫外-可见分光光度计对其吸光度进行了测定。结果表明:两个甘薯品种花青素含量有显著差异,对同一品种不同的提取方法可显著影响花青素含量的测定;延长提取时间可引起花青素的部分降解,1%盐酸作为提取剂有利于花青素的稳定性;同时,测定仪器的精确度或稳定性对测定结果有一定影响。     

黑米花青素提取与纯化工艺研究

[目的]研究黑米花青素的提取及纯化工艺。[方法]以黑米为原料,采用水提法提取黑米花青素,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定花青素的最佳提取工艺;并采用D101大孔吸附树脂对花青素进行纯化。[结果]花青素的最佳提取工艺为料液比1：8,提取温度50℃,pH3．2,提取时间120min;用体积分数为95％的乙醇洗脱,花青素的纯度最高,达95．48％。[结论]该研究为黑米的深加工和花青素的规模化生产提供了依据。